Select Show More and turn on Policy-based IPsec VPN. The Fortinet Cookbook contains examples of how to integrate Fortinet products into your network and use features such as security profiles, wireless networking, and VPN. Enter control userpasswords2 and press Enter. The result of a successful phase 1 operation is the establishment of an ISAKMP SA which is then used to encrypt and verify all further IKE communications. Pre-shared Key authentication is successful. A green arrow means the tunnel is up and currently processing traffic. type=INTEGR, val=AUTH_HMAC_SHA_96 type=PRF, val=PRF_HMAC_SHA type=DH_GROUP, val=1536. Routing problems may be affecting DHCP. Since last week, we observed a lot of failed SSL-VPN login events on various FortiGate setups. Ping the remote network or client to verify whether the connection is up. The command is diagnose vpn ike log-filter dst-addr4 10.11.101.10. This may or may not indicate problems with the VPN tunnel, or dialup client. In this scenario, you must assign an IP address to the virtual IPsec VPN interface. If traffic is not passing through the FortiGate unit as you expect, ensure the traffic does not contain IPcomp packets (IP protocol 108, RFC 3173). Uninstalling FortiClient. handshake between the ends of the tunnel is in progress. When an IPsec VPN tunnel is up, but traffic is not able to pass through the tunnel, Wireshark (or an equivalent program) can be used to determine whether there is an encryption mismatch. ; Enter the Username (client2) and password, then click Next. Check the routing behind the dialup client. For debugging purposes, sometimes it is best for all the traffic to be processed by software. This section includes support for the following: l Failed VPN connection attempts l Debug output table l The options to configure policy-based IPsec VPN are unavailable l The VPN tunnel goes down frequently l The pre-shared key does not match (PSK mismatch error) l The SA proposals do not match (SA proposal mismatch) l Pre-existing IPsec VPN tunnels need to be cleared l Other potential VPN issues. Enter the following CLI commands diagnose debug application ike -1 diagnose debug enable. config sys global set ipsec-asic-offload [enable | disable] end. The diagnostics command is available via the nsdiag command in both Microsoft Windows and macOS devices. The first diagnostic command worth running, in any IPsec VPN troubleshooting situation, is Session is part of Ipsec tunnel (from the responder) local. Attempt to use the VPN or set up the VPN tunnel and note the debug output. If you do not know the other ends settings enable or disable XAuth on your end to see if that is the problem. Install a telnet or SSH client such as putty that allows logging of output l Ensure that the admin interface supports your chosen connection protocol so you can connect to your FortiGate unit admin interface. To correct the problem, see the following table. Using zones to simplify firewall policies, (Optional) Configuring SD-WAN Status Check, Allowing traffic from the internal network to the SD-WAN interface, Fortinet Security Fabric installation and audit, (Optional) Adding security profiles to the Security Fabric, Configuring a traffic shaper to limit bandwidth, Verifying your Internet access security policy, Configuring your FortiGate for NGFW policy-based mode, Creating an IPv4 policy to block Facebook, Creating a high priority VoIP traffic shaper, Creating a low priority FTP traffic shaper, Creating a medium priority daily traffic shaper, Adding a VoIP security profile to your Internet access policy, Adding a FortiToken to the FortiAuthenticator, Adding the user to the FortiAuthenticator, Creating the RADIUS client on the FortiAuthenticator, Connecting the FortiGate to the RADIUS server, SAML 2.0 FSSO with FortiAuthenticator and Centrify, Configuring DNS and FortiAuthenticator'sFQDN, Enabling FSSOand SAML on the FortiAuthenticator, Adding SAML connector to Centrify for IdPmetadata, Importing the IdP certificate and metadata on the FortiAuthenticator, Uploading the SP metadata to the Centrify tenant, Configuring Captive Portal and security policies, SAML 2.0 FSSO with FortiAuthenticator and Google G Suite, Configuring FSSO and SAML on the FortiAuthenticator, Importing the IdPcertificate and metadata on the FortiAuthenticator, SAML 2.0 FSSO with FortiAuthenticator and Okta, Configuring the Okta developer account IDP application, Importing the IDP certificate and metadata on the FortiAuthenticator, (Optional) Upgrading the firmware for the HAcluster, Connecting the primary and backup FortiGates, FGCP Virtual Clustering with two FortiGates (expert), Connecting and verifying cluster operation, Adding VDOMs and setting up virtual clustering, FGCP Virtual Clustering with four FortiGates (expert), Troubleshooting the initial cluster configuration, Verifying the cluster configuration from the GUI, Troubleshooting the cluster configuration from the GUI, Verifying the cluster configuration from the CLI, Troubleshooting the cluster configuration from the CLI, Using FGSP to load balance access to two active-active data centers, Configuring the second FortiGate (Peer-2), Configuring the fourth FortiGate (Peer-4), Enabling Web Filtering and Application Control, Edit the default Application Control profile, FortiManager in the Fortinet Security Fabric, Allowing FortiManager to have Internet access, FortiSandbox in the Fortinet Security Fabric, Adding sandbox inspection to security profiles, Using the default deep-inspection profile, Creating an SSL/SSH profile that exempts Google, Transparent web filtering using a virtual wire pair, Configure the virtual wire pair policy and enable web filtering, Preventing certificate warnings (CA-signed certificate), Importing the signed certificate to your FortiGate, Importing the certificate into web browsers, Preventing certificate warnings (default certificate), Preventing certificate warnings (self-signed), Allowing Branch to access the FortiAnalyzer, (Optional) Using local logging for Branch, Site-to-site IPsec VPN with certificate authentication, Site-to-site IPsec VPN with two FortiGates, Configuring the HQ multicast policy and phase 2 settings, Configuring the Branch multicast policy and phase 2 settings, Client-Side SD-WAN with IPsec VPN Deployment Scenario (Expert), Creating the data center side of the IPsec VPN, Adding addresses to the tunnel interfaces, Controlling access to data center networks, Pointing to branch offices with black hole routes, Creating the branch side of the IPsec VPN, Adding IP addresses to the tunnel interfaces, Setting up the load balancing SD-WAN configuration, Creating and customizing the Remote Office tunnel, Connecting and authorizing the FortiAPunit, Dual-band SSID with optional client load balancing, FortiConnect guest on-boarding using RSSO, Registering the WLC as a RADIUS client on the FortiConnect, Registering the FortiGate as a RADIUS accounting server on the FortiConnect, Validating the WLC configuration created from FortiConnect, Creating the wireless ESSprofile on the WLC, Enabling RADIUS accounting listening on the FortiGate, Configuring the RSSOAgent on the FortiGate, FortiConnect as a RADIUS server in FortiCloud, Configuring FortiCloud to access FortiConnect, Configuring FortiCloud as a RADIUS client on FortiConnect, Configuring FortiConnect as a RADIUS server on FortiCloud. Remote access IPSec VPNs use aggressive mode. Here is a list of the options that you can set up, The most used will be src-addr4 or dst-addr4. To get a list of configured VPNs, running the following command: This is a good view to see what is up and passing traffic. The following section provides information to help debug an encryption key mismatch. (Edit: That was back in August of 2021 and the big scanning ended around two weeks after it has started. Check the logs to determine whether the failure is in Phase 1 or Phase 2. Phase II Selectors not matching (you will see this next). diaike 0: comes 10.12.101.1:500->10.11.101.1:500,ifindex=26. This blog post is a list of common troubleshooting commands I am using on the FortiGate CLI. Session is part of Ipsec tunnel (from the originator) re. To configure an IPSec VPN to a ZIA Public Service Edge: Review the supported IPSec VPN parameters; Add VPN credentials in the Admin Portal; Link the VPN credentials to a location; Configure your edge router or firewall to forward traffic to the Zscaler service. Otherwise, use the IP address of the first interface from the interface list (that has an IP address). Troubleshooting Tip: IPsec VPNs tunnels. See Troubleshooting L2TP and IPsec on page 232. Without a match and proposal agreement, Phase 1 can never establish. In this example, I left ONLY AES-128 SHA256while the remote firewall had the AES-128 SHA256removed causing a mismatch. Ensure that your FortiGate unit is in NAT/Route mode, rather than Transparent. See the following configuration guides: In general, begin troubleshooting an IPsec VPN connection failure as follows: If you are configuring authentication parameters for FortiClient dialup clients, refer to the Authenticating FortiClient Dialup Clients Technical Note. This information can be obtained from the output of the command diag vpn tunnel list. A mismatch could occur for many reasons, one of the most common is the instability of an ISP link (ADSL, Cable), or it could effectively be any device in the physical connection. To filter out VPNs so that you focus on the one VPN you are trying to troubleshoot. Today we will cover basic FortiGate IPsec Troubleshooting. During the connecting phase, the FortiGate will also verify that the remote users antivirus software is installed and up-to-date. To confirm that a VPN between a local network and a dialup client has been configured correctly, at the dialup client, issue a ping command to test the connection to the local network. Go to Edit > Preferences, expand Protocol and look for ESP. Connecting the FortiGate to the RADIUS server. See Troubleshooting GRE over IPsec on page 235. Quick-Tips are short how tos to help you out in day-to-day activities. Since last week, we observed a lot of failed SSL-VPN login events on various FortiGate setups. Today we will cover basic FortiGate IPsec Troubleshooting. FortiGate models differ principally by the names used and the features available: Naming conventions may vary between FortiGate models. This command should only be used for testing, troubleshooting, maintenance, and demonstrations. In this section, I removed PFS on one side of the VPN. Run the diag vpn tunnel list command a few times on both FortiGates when generating traffic that will pass through the tunnel. If the ping or traceroute fail, it indicates a connection problem between the two ends of the tunnel. Virtual switch support for FortiGate 300E series 6.2.2 IPsec VPN wizard hub-and-spoke ADVPN support 6.2.2 FortiGuard communication over port 443 with HTTPS 6.2.2 IPv6 FortiGuard connections 6.2.2 SSH file scan 6.2.2 If the packet was encrypted correctly using the correct key, then the decryption will be successful and it will be possible to see the original package as shown below: Repeat the decryption process for the packet capture from the recipient firewall. Here we can see the platform connecting to/from. This will provide you with clues as to any PSK or other proposal issues. get system ha status > IPSec VPN Configuration: Fortigate Firewall. For example, on some models the hardware switch interface used for the local area network is called. In the following example, the error message was seen on the recipient FortiGate: date=2010-12-28 time=18:19:35 devname=Kosad_VPN device_id=FG300B3910600118 log_ id=0101037132 type=event subtype=ipsec pri=critical vd=root msg=IPsec ESP action=error rem_ ip=180.87.33.2 loc_ip=121.133.8.18 rem_port=32528 loc_port=4500 out_intf=port2 cookies=88d40f65d555ccaf/05464e20e4afc835user=N/A group=N/A xauth_user=N/A xauth_ group=N/A vpn_tunnel=fortinet_0 status=esp_error error_num=Invalid ESP packet detected (HMAC validation failed). Web mode allows users to access network resources, such as the the AdminPC used in this example. By: Aug 11, 2022. Attempt to use the VPN and note the debug output. NPU offloading is supported when the local gateway is a loopback interface. Here we can see the first ISKMP proposal the firewall received. Alternatively, you can enter netplwiz. Session is redirected to an internal FGT proxy. As with the LAN connection, confirm the VPN tunnel is established by checking Monitor > IPsec Monitor. AH-style authentication authenticates the entire IP packet, including the outer IP header, while the ESP authentication mechanism authenticates only the IP datagram portion of the IP packet. Using the output from Obtaining diagnose information for the VPN connection CLI, search for the word proposal in the output. Another version of this command is adding a detailsswitch instead of the summary, Now if you want to see specifics about a particular VPN, diagnose vpn ike gateway list name %Tunnel-Name%. There are two Fortigate HA modes available: Active / Passive- Configuration of primary and secondary devices are in synchronisation. Fortinet GURU is not owned by or affiliated with, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Check Out The Fortinet Guru Youtube Channel, Logging violations of the MAC address learning limit (480808), Collectors and Analyzers FortiAnalyzer FortiOS 6.2.3, High Availability FortiAnalyzer FortiOS 6.2.3, Two-factor authentication FortiAnalyzer FortiOS 6.2.3, Global Admin GUI Language Idle Timeout FortiAnalyzer FortiOS 6.2.3, Global Admin Password Policy FortiAnalyzer FortiOS 6.2.3, Global administration settings FortiAnalyzer FortiOS 6.2.3, SAML admin authentication FortiAnalyzer FortiOS 6.2.3, If there are more than one preshared key dial-up VPN with the same local gateway, use, Error: connection expiring due to XAUTH failure, Check user credentials and user group configuration, Error: peer has not completed XAUTH exchange, Route or firewall policy misconfiguration, Route-based: traffic must be routed to IPsec virtual interface Policy-based: traffic must match a. A continuacin se encuentra una seleccin de comandos tiles para solucionar los problemas ms comunes va el CLI de Fortigate. Configuring the SSL VPN tunnel. If there are many proposals in the list, this will slow down the negotiating of Phase 1. It may occur once indicating a successful connection, or it will occur two or more times for an unsuccessful connection there will be one proposal listed for each end of the tunnel and each possible Troubleshooting connection issues. I have created a VPN in my lab and I will break it at different points and identify it on the output of the debug commands. If routing is the problem, the proposal will likely setup properly but no traffic will flow. You may not want to bounce the tunnel, but you may want to clear the counters on the tunnel so you could see encrypts and decrypts. View the table below for some assistance in analyzing the debug output. A successful negotiation proposal will look similar to, IPsec SA connect 26 10.12.101.10->10.11.101.10:500 config found created connection: 0x2f55860 26 10.12.101.10->10.11.101.10:500 IPsec SA connect 26 10.12.101.10->10.11.101.10:500 negotiating no suitable ISAKMP SA, queuing quick-mode request and initiating ISAKMP SA negotiation initiator: main mode is sending 1st message, cookie 3db6afe559e3df0f/0000000000000000 out [encryption], sent IKE msg (ident-i1send): 10.12.101.10:500->10.11.101.10:500, len=264, id=3db6afe559e3df0f/0000000000000000. For example, on some models the hardware switch interface used for the local area network is called lan, while on other units it is called internal. At the conclusion of phase 2 each peer will be ready to pass data plane traffic through the VPN. Michael Pruett, CISSP has a wide range of cyber-security and network engineering expertise. l If you are using Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS), ensure that it is used on both peers. Use Config Global Mode. Troubleshooting IPSec VPNs on Fortigate Firewalls. br. Session is attached to local fortigate ip stack. On some FortiGate units, such as the FortiGate 94D, you cannot ping over the IPsec tunnel without first setting a source-IP. Usually they are quick easy commands to make your day brighter and help you finish up quicker so you can enjoy family, friends, and libations. The error saying that the Phase II selector was the issue. ; Certain features are not available on all models. Tunnel Mode Tunnel Mode encapsulates the entire IP packet to provide a virtual secure hop between two gateways. See Troubleshooting GRE over IPsec on page 235. This is the output of the command diag vpn tunnel list on the FortiGate: inet ver=1 serial=2 192.168.1.205:4500->121.133.8.18:4500 lgwy=dyn tun=intf mode=auto bound_if=4 proxyid_num=1 child_num=0 refcnt=7 ilast=0 olast=0 stat: rxp=41 txp=56 rxb=4920 txb=3360 dpd: mode=active on=1 idle=5000ms retry=3 count=0 seqno=696 natt: mode=keepalive draft=32 interval=10 remote_port=4500 proxyid=P2_60C_Fortinet proto=0 sa=1 ref=2 auto_negotiate=0 serial=1 src: 0:182.40.101.0/255.255.255.0:0 dst: 0:100.100.100.0/255.255.255.0:0 connection issues, SA: ref=3 options=0000000d type=00 soft=0 mtu=1428 expire=1106 replaywin=0 seqno=15 life: type=01 bytes=0/0 timeout=1777/1800, dec: spi=29a26eb6 esp=3des key=24 bf25e69df90257f64c55dda4069f01834cd0382fe4866ff2 ah=sha1 key=20 38b2600170585d2dfa646caed5bc86d920aed7ff. If the connection has problems, see Troubleshooting VPN connections on page 227. Essentially, you would see 10.x.x.x/24 on one side but the other configured as 192.168.0.0/24 as an example. There are two Fortigate HA modes available: Active / Passive- Configuration of primary and secondary devices are in synchronisation. FortiGate registration and basic settings, Verifying FortiGuard licenses and troubleshooting, Logging FortiGate traffic and using FortiView, Creating security policies for different users, Creating the Admin user, device, and policy, FortiSandbox in the Fortinet Security Fabric, Adding FortiSandbox to the Security Fabric, Adding sandbox inspection to security profiles, FortiManager in the Fortinet Security Fabric, Blocking malicious domains using threat feeds, (Optional) Upgrading the firmware for the HA cluster, Connecting the primary and backup FortiGates, Adding a third FortiGate to an FGCP cluster (expert), Enabling override on the primary FortiGate (optional), Connecting the new FortiGate to the cluster, FGCP Virtual Clustering with two FortiGates (expert), Connecting and verifying cluster operation, Adding VDOMs and setting up virtual clustering, FGCP Virtual Clustering with four FortiGates (expert), Removing existing configuration references to interfaces, Creating a static route for the SD-WAN interface, Blocking Facebook while allowing Workplace by Facebook, Antivirus scanning using flow-based inspection, Adding the FortiSandbox to the Security Fabric, Enabling DNS filtering in a security policy, (Optional) Changing the FortiDNS server and port, Enabling Content Disarm and Reconstruction, Preventing certificate warnings (CA-signed certificate), Importing the signed certificate to your FortiGate, Importing the certificate into web browsers, Preventing certificate warnings (default certificate), Preventing certificate warnings (self-signed), Set up FortiToken two-factor authentication, Connecting from FortiClient with FortiToken, Connecting the FortiGate to FortiAuthenticator, Creating the RADIUS client on FortiAuthenticator, Connecting the FortiGate to the RADIUS server, Site-to-site IPsec VPN with two FortiGate devices, Authorizing Branch for the Security Fabric, Allowing Branch to access the FortiAnalyzer, Desynchronizing settings for Branch (optional), Site-to-site IPsec VPN with overlapping subnets, Configuring the Alibaba Cloud (AliCloud) VPN gateway, SSL VPN for remote users with MFA and user sensitivity. Ensure that VPN is enabled before logon to the FortiClient Settings page. L2TP logging must be enabled to record L2TP events. Set Local Address to use a Named Address and select the address for the Edge tunnel interface. The FortiGate can send a GRE keepalive response to a Cisco device to detect a GRE tunnel. After each attempt to start the L2TP over IPsec VPN, select. Using the Cookbook, you can go from idea to execution in simple steps, configuring a secure network for better productivity with reduced risk. This output tells you that you are the initiatorand the proposal is 3DES-SHA1(not recommended BTW). When you are finished, disable the diagnostics by using the following command: diagnose debug reset diagnose debug disable. A VPN connection has multiple stages that can be confirmed to ensure the connection is working properly. Authentication OK. Using the Cookbook, you can go from idea to execution in simple steps, configuring a secure network for better productivity with reduced risk. l Check that a static route has been configured properly to allow routing of VPN traffic. protocol = IKEv2: encapsulation = IKEv2/none type=ENCR, val=3DES_CBC. It is easiest to see if the final stage is successful first since if it is successful the other stages will be working properly. The authentication method (preshared keys or certificates) used by the client must be supported on the FortiGate unit and configured properly. The plethora of vendors that resell hardware but have zero engineering knowledge resulting in the wrong hardware or configuration being deployed is a major pet peeve of Michael's. ; Enter a Name (OfficeRADIUS), the IP address of the FortiAuthenticator, and enter the Secret created before. Internet Key Exchange or IKE Is the mechanism by which the two devices exchange the keys. The command is located in the Client installation directory: FortiGate Next Generation Firewall utilizes purpose-built security processors and threat intelligence security services from FortiGuard labs to deliver top-rated protection and high performance, including encrypted traffic. For example, on some models the hardware switch interface used for the local area network is called lan, while on other units it is called internal. This is intended as a quick-tip but I have another article that dives a little deeper into the PSK errors etc. Testing Phase 1 and 2 connections is a bit more difficult than testing the working VPN. ; Certain features are not available on all models. Set up FortiToken two-factor authentication. A 1500 byte MTU is going to exceed the overhead of the ESP-header, including the additional ip_header,etc. ; Certain features are not available on all models. Go to System > Feature Visibility. In the event that each GRE tunnel endpoint has keepalive enabled, firewall policies allowing GRE are required in both directions. Take a packet sniffer trace on both FortiGates. The Fortinet Cookbook contains examples of how to integrate Fortinet products into your network and use features such as security profiles, wireless networking, and VPN. Check that the encryption and authentication settings match those on the Cisco device. Optionally, set Restrict Access to Limit access to specific hosts and specify the addresses of the hosts that are allowed to connect to this VPN. 1) Configure the VPN Interface but not from IPsec Wizard as the interface created from IPsec wizard cannot be called in the SD-WAN member or to be precise when the tunnel is created from IPsec wizard it creates routes, policy, addresses, etc. In this example, you will allow remote users to access the corporate network using an SSL VPN, connecting either by web mode using a web browser or tunnel mode using FortiClient. This may or may not indicate problems with the VPN tunnel. When I started doing VPN way back and there were filters set up, I would be dumbfounded at why I was not receiving any traffic from a particular gateway. This command is very useful for gathering statistical data such as the number of packets encrypted versus decrypted, the number of bytes sent versus received, the SPI identifier, etc. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. A red arrow means the tunnel is not processing traffic, and this VPN connection has a problem. This shows us Phase I is up. This recipe is in the Basic FortiGate network collection. On the FortiGate, go to User & Device > RADIUS Servers, and select Create New to connect to the RADIUS server (FortiAuthenticator). This section shows it is receiving AES 128 with a Hash of SHA 256, Shows that we matched a particular VPN we have configured and it matches what I created. Lets start with a little primer on IPSec. Using the Cookbook, you can go from idea to execution in simple steps, configuring a secure network for better productivity with reduced risk. You can configure the FortiGate unit to log VPN events. The following information is required to troubleshoot the problem. diagnose vpn ike log-filter dst-addr4 %Peer-IP%, Then we are going to start debugging IKE and the -255 is the verbosity (another useful one is -1, My proposal This tells you what your firewall is offering as a Phase 1. Session is intercepted by wccp process. These commands are typically used by Fortinet customer support to discover more information about your FortiGate unit and its current configuration. To enable multicast forwarding, use the following commands: Ping an address on the network behind the FortiGate unit from the network behind the Cisco router. For this example, default values were used unless stated otherwise. The following section includes troubleshooting suggestions related to: l LAN interface connection l Dialup connection l Troubleshooting VPN connections l Troubleshooting invalid ESP packets using Wireshark l Attempting hardware offloading beyond SHA1 l Check Phase 1 proposal settings l Check your routing l Try enabling XAuth. The resulting output may indicate where the problem is occurring. Check the following IPsec parameters: l The mode setting for ID protection (main or aggressive) on both VPN peers must be identical. This section describes some checks and tools you can use to resolve issues with L2TP-over-IPsec VPNs. If your VPN fails to connect, check the following: If you are still unable to connect to the VPN tunnel, run the following diagnostic command in the CLI: diagnose debug application ike -1 diagnose debug enable. Watch the screen for output, and after roughly 15 seconds enter the following CLI command to stop the output. This section explains how to get started with a FortiGate. Check routing. The resulting output should include something similar to the following, where blue represents the remote VPN device, and green represents the local FortiGate. Port 1 is the management interface. (Edit: That was back in August of 2021 and the big scanning ended around two weeks after it has started. I am going to describe some concepts of IPSec VPNs. To configure the SSL VPN tunnel, go to VPN > SSL-VPN Settings. Troubleshooting Commands: Fortigate HA. Create the VPN tunnels of interest or receive the VPN list of interest from FortiClient EMS. On the Windows system, Start an elevated command line prompt. This makes the remote FortiGate the initiator and the local FortiGate becomes the responder. Confirm that the user is a member of the user group assigned to L2TP. diag debug app ike -1 diag debug enable. Here we can see that Quick-Mode has failed. The first example, we are going to look at non-matching pre-shared keys. The VPN tunnel initializes when the dialup client attempts to connect. Troubleshooting Commands: Fortigate HA. Uninstalling FortiClient. ESP can be used with confidentiality only, authentication only, or both confidentiality and authentication. Prior to FortiOS 4.0 MR3, FortiOS refused L2TP connections with empty AVP host names in compliance with RFC 2661 and RFC 3931. For example, on some models the hardware switch interface used for the local area network is called lan, while on other units it is called internal. This command will inform you of any lack of firewall policy, lack of forwarding route, and of policy ordering issues. Saving the output to a file can make it easier to search for a particular phrase, and is useful for comparisons. The Fortinet Cookbook contains examples of how to integrate Fortinet products into your network and use features such as security profiles, wireless networking, and VPN. If a duplicate instance of the VPN tunnel appears on the IPsec Monitor, reboot your FortiGate unit to try and clear the entry. See Troubleshooting L2TP and IPsec on page 232. You can use the diagnose, If XAUTH is enabled, ensure that the settings are the same for both ends, and that the FortiGate unit is set to. Ensure that you have allowed inbound and outbound traffic for all necessary network services, especially if services such as DNS or DHCP are having problems. Configure FortiGate units on both ends for interface VPN l Record the information in your VPN Phase 1 and Phase 2 configurations for our example here the remote IP. Furthermore, in circumstances where multiple remote dialup VPN tunnels exist, each tunnel must have a peer ID set. Main Mode Main mode requires six packets back and forth, but affords complete security during the establishment of an IPsec connection. The remote client must have at least one set of Phase 1 encryption, authentication, and Diffie-Hellman settings that match corresponding settings on the FortiGate unit. This section describes some checks and tools you can use to resolve issues with L2TP-over-IPsec VPNs. The most common IPsec VPN issues are listed below. You can also use it as a standalone recipe. This is because they require diagnose CLI commands. Encapsulating Security Payload or ESP The ESP protocol provides data confidentiality by using encryption and authentication (data integrity, data origin authentication, and replay protection). Check your NAT settings, enabling NAT traversal in the Phase 1 configuration while disabling NAT in the security policy. If needed, save the log file of this output to a file on your local computer. responder received SA_INIT msg incoming proposal: protocol = IKEv2: encapsulation = IKEv2/none type=ENCR, val=AES_CBC (key_len = 256). Rashmi Bhardwaj When using diagnostic commands, it is best practice that you connect to the CLI using a terminal program, such as puTTY, that allows you to save output to a file. The output shows what you would see if there was some filter set. Both VPN peers must have the same NAT traversal setting (enabled or disabled). Remove any Phase 1 or Phase 2 configurations that are not in use. Here is a sample output. All messages in phase 2 are secured using the ISAKMP SA established in phase 1. combination in their settings. The commands are: Have the remote FortiGate initiate the VPN connection in the web-based manager by going to. Check the security policies. Note the phrase initiator: main mode is sending 1st message which shows you the. Reenter the preshared key. Certain features are not available on all models. If you can determine the connection is working properly then any problems are likely problems with your applications. enc: spi=c32b09f7 esp=3des key=24 0abd3c70032123c3369a6f225a385d30f0b2fb1cd9687ec8 ah=sha1 key=20 214d8e717306dffceec3760464b6e8edb436c6 This is the packet capture from the FortiGate: To verify, it is necessary to decrypt the ESP packet using Wireshark. Log into the CLI as admin with the output being logged to a file. Check the settings, including encapsulation setting, which must be transport-mode. This is intended as a quick-tip but I have another article that dives a little deeper into the PSK errors etc. Proposal mismatch. get system ha status > IPSec VPN Configuration: Fortigate Firewall. Troubleshooting L2TP and IPsec. Similar to the Phase-1 command, you can list the Phase-2 information about the tunnel. If the endpoint is currently managed by EMS, do the following: The EMS administrator deregisters the endpoint. Otherwise, you will need to work back through the stages to see where the problem is located. If you want multicast traffic to traverse the GRE tunnel, you need to configure a multicast policy as well as enable multicast forwarding. Ensure that both sides have at least one Phase 1 proposal in common. FortiGate registration and basic settings, Verifying FortiGuard licenses and troubleshooting, Logging FortiGate traffic and using FortiView, Creating security policies for different users, Creating the Admin user, device, and policy, FortiSandbox in the Fortinet Security Fabric, Adding FortiSandbox to the Security Fabric, Adding sandbox inspection to security profiles, FortiManager in the Fortinet Security Fabric, Blocking malicious domains using threat feeds, (Optional) Upgrading the firmware for the HA cluster, Connecting the primary and backup FortiGates, Adding a third FortiGate to an FGCP cluster (expert), Enabling override on the primary FortiGate (optional), Connecting the new FortiGate to the cluster, FGCP Virtual Clustering with two FortiGates (expert), Connecting and verifying cluster operation, Adding VDOMs and setting up virtual clustering, FGCP Virtual Clustering with four FortiGates (expert), Removing existing configuration references to interfaces, Creating a static route for the SD-WAN interface, Blocking Facebook while allowing Workplace by Facebook, Antivirus scanning using flow-based inspection, Adding the FortiSandbox to the Security Fabric, Enabling DNS filtering in a security policy, (Optional) Changing the FortiDNS server and port, Enabling Content Disarm and Reconstruction, Preventing certificate warnings (CA-signed certificate), Importing the signed certificate to your FortiGate, Importing the certificate into web browsers, Preventing certificate warnings (default certificate), Preventing certificate warnings (self-signed), Set up FortiToken two-factor authentication, Connecting from FortiClient with FortiToken, Connecting the FortiGate to FortiAuthenticator, Creating the RADIUS client on FortiAuthenticator, Connecting the FortiGate to the RADIUS server, Site-to-site IPsec VPN with two FortiGate devices, Authorizing Branch for the Security Fabric, Allowing Branch to access the FortiAnalyzer, Desynchronizing settings for Branch (optional), Site-to-site IPsec VPN with overlapping subnets, Configuring the Alibaba Cloud (AliCloud) VPN gateway, SSL VPN for remote users with MFA and user sensitivity. This allows you to filter a VPN to a destination of 2.2.2.2 as an example: diagnose vpn ike log-filter dst-addr4 2.2.2.2. For example if 10.11.101.10 selected both Diffie-Hellman Groups 1 and 5, that would be at least 2 proposals set. Much like NPU-offload in IKE phase1 configuration, you can enable or disable the usage of ASIC hardware for IPsec Diffie-Hellman key exchange and IPsec ESP traffic. FortiOS allows L2TP connections with empty AVP host names and therefore Mac OS X L2TP connections can connect to the FortiGate. If this appears to be the case, configure a DHCP relay service to enable DHCP requests to be relayed to a DHCP server on or behind the FortiGate server. This site was started in an effort to spread information while providing the option of quality consulting services at a much lower price than Fortinet Professional Services. Optionally, set Restrict Access to Limit access to specific hosts and specify the addresses of the hosts that are allowed to connect to this VPN. If your FortiGate unit is behind a NAT device, such as a router, configure port forwarding for UDP ports 500 and 4500. If you want to reset the filter list and clear the filter, enter the following. You can use the diagnose vpn tunnel list command to troubleshoot this. This configuration adds two-factor authentication (2FA) to the split tunnel configuration (SSL VPN split tunnel for remote user).It uses one of the two free mobile FortiTokens that is already installed on the FortiGate. This section describes some checks and tools you can use to resolve issues with the GRE-over-IPsec VPN. Because of this, you would not see this error. Ensure that both ends use the same P1 and P2 proposal settings (seeThe SA proposals do not match (SA proposal mismatch) below). In this output, we do not see a specific PFS error, but normally in Phase II these are the following situations you will find: In route-based VPNs we normally use 0.0.0.0/0 as the Phase II selectors. Learn how your comment data is processed. protocol = IKEv2: encapsulation = IKEv2/none type=ENCR, val=AES_CBC (key_len = 128) type=INTEGR, val=AUTH_HMAC_SHA_96 type=PRF, val=PRF_HMAC_SHA type=DH_GROUP, val=1536. Above you can see the different filtering criteria. The log messages for the attempted connection will not mention XAuth is the reason, but when connections are failing it is a good idea to ensure both ends have the same XAuth settings. When a VPN connection is properly established, traffic will flow from one end to the other as if both ends were physically in the same place. Tag: firewall, Security. FortiGate units do not allow IPcomp packets, they compress packet payload, preventing it from being scanned. If you are using manual keys to establish a tunnel, the. Using a console cable, access the Fortinet command line interface and configure the management port IP address, default gateway, and DNS. Ping the remote network or client to verify whether the connection is up. Most connection failures are due to a configuration mismatch between the FortiGate unit and the remote peer. The policy should be configured as follows (where the IP addresses and interface names are for example purposes only): set srcintf gre set dstintf port1 set srcaddr 1.1.1.1 set dstaddr 2.2.2.2 set action accept set schedule always set service GRE. This single VPN tunnel will have only one phase 1 (IKE) tunnel / security association and again only one single phase 2 (IPsec) tunnel / SA. Start an SSH or Telnet session to your FortiGate unit. Check the encapsulation setting: tunnel-mode or transport-mode. Alert email can be configured to report L2TP errors. config system gre-tunnel edit set keepalive-interval set keepalive-failtimes . Attempt to use the VPN and note the debug output in the SSH or Telnet session. During the connecting phase, the FortiGate will also verify that the remote users antivirus software is installed and up-to-date. spi=c32b09f7 seq=00000012. Finally the error telling you no matching Phase II found. To allow VPN traffic between the Edge tunnel interface and the Branch tunnel interface, go to VPN > IPsec Tunnels, and edit the VPN tunnel. Should you need to clear an IKE gateway, use the following commands: diagnose vpn ike restart diagnose vpn ike gateway clear. I am going to describe some concepts of IPSec VPNs. AH authenticates IP headers and their payloads, with the exception of certain header fields that can be legitimately changed in transit, such as the Time To Live (TTL) field. Setting up your FortiGate for FSSO. If the endpoint is not managed by EMS, proceed to step 2. Additionally, a particular feature may be available only through the CLI on some models, while that same feature may be viewed in the GUI on other models. Tag: firewall, Security. Not all FortiGates have the same features, particularly entry-level models (models 30 to 90). If you are trying to off-load VPN processing to a network processing unit (NPU), remember that only SHA1 authentication is supported. Quick mode consists of 3 messages sent between peers (with an optional 4th message). I am not focused on too many memory, process, kernel, etc. AH provides data integrity, data origin authentication, and an optional replay protection service. Set up the commands to output the VPN handshaking. For users connecting via tunnel mode, traffic to the Internet will also flow through the FortiGate, to apply security scanning to this traffic. Having both sets of information locally makes it easier to troubleshoot your VPN connection. By default hardware offloading is used. If you have determined that your VPN connection is not working properly through Troubleshooting on page 223, the next step is to verify that you have a phase2 connection. See Phase 1 parameters on page 46. In general, begin troubleshooting an IPsec VPN connection failure as follows: General troubleshooting tips. To configure a multicast policy, use the config firewall multicast-policy. Here is an example of a route-based VPN configured on a Palo Alto Networks firewall. You may need static routes on both ends of the tunnel. If it fails, it will remove any routes over the GRE interface. Use the FortiGate VPN Monitor page to see whether the IPsec tunnel is up or can be brought up. FortiGate models differ principally by the names used and the features available: If you believe your FortiGate model supports a feature that does not appear in the GUI, go to System >Feature Visibility and confirm that the feature is enabled. High Availability Palo Alto. Cisco would make you create separate Phase II selectors. For users connecting via tunnel mode, traffic to the Internet will also flow through the FortiGate, to apply security scanning to this traffic. This filters out all VPN connections except ones to the IP address we are concerned with. Otherwise they will not connect. If preshared keys are being used for authentication purposes, both VPN peers must have identical preshared keys. However if you have 10, 20, 100, 1000 VPN tunnels, it is impossible to do so without filtering the output.. By running the command above, you will see if you have any filters currently set up. While its advertised features are powerful and exactly what I need, I can't even access the means of configuring them. Set the log-filter to the IP address of the remote computer (10.11.101.10). Enter the following command to reset debug settings to default: Enter the following CLI command diagnose sniffer packet any icmp 4. Please read thoroughly and note that, although the list is extensive, it is not exhaustive. If the endpoint is currently managed by EMS, do the following: The EMS administrator deregisters the endpoint. Did you create an ACCEPT security policy from the public network to the protected network for the L2TP clients? Another appropriate diagnostic command worth trying is: diagnose debug flow. Verify the configuration of the FortiGate unit and the remote peer. If DNS is working, you can use domain names. This recipe is in the Basic FortiGate network collection. There are some diagnostic commands that can provide useful information. Establishing the connection in this manner means the local FortiGate will have its configuration information as well as the information the remote computer sends. For example: 114.124303 gre1 in 10.0.1.2 -> 10.11.101.10: icmp: echo request, 114.124367 port2 out 10.0.1.2 -> 10.11.101.10: icmp: echo request, 114.124466 port2 in 10.11.101.10 -> 10.0.1.2: icmp: echo reply, 114.124476 gre1 out 10.11.101.10 -> 10.0.1.2: icmp: echo reply. And finally, Some remote firewalls such as Cisco, do not like Fortinet/Palo/Checkpoint etc groups on Phase II Selectors. diagnose debug app ike 255 diagnose debug enable. Otherwise use IP addresses. ; Enter all information about your LDAP server. Initiator shows the remote unit is sending the first message. The options to configure policy-based IPsec VPN are unavailable. Here is a list of common problems and what to verify. Use the following command to show the proposals presented by both parties. Select Convert To Custom Tunnel. See Phase 1 parameters on page 46 and Phase 2 parameters on page 66. When the management IP address is set, access the FortiGate login screen using the new management IP address. Select complementary mode settings. This will allow you to review the data later on at your own speed without worry about missed data as the diag output scrolls by. A number of features on these models are only available in the CLI. Now lets set a filter for the dst-addr4and enter the IP address of the peer. If you want to bounce a particular VPN Tunnel run the following command, dia vpn ike gateway flush name %Tunnel-Name%. To configure an SSL VPN server in tunnel and web mode with dual stack support in the GUI: Create a local user: Go to User & Authentication > User Definition and click Create New.The Users/Groups Creation Wizard opens. Select or clear both options as required. Check Phase 1 configuration. If your VPN tunnel goes down often, check the Phase 2 settings and either increase the Keylife value or enable Autokey Keep Alive. Phase II IKE phase 2 establishes IPSec SAs (one in each direction) for the VPN connection, and is referred to as Quick Mode. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. The remote client must have at least one set of Phase 2 encryption and authentication algorithm settings that match the corresponding settings on the FortiGate unit. yes it was the filter. For more information, see Phase 1 parameters on page 46. Use the FortiGate VPN Monitor page to see whether the IPsec tunnel is up or can be brought up. NAT-T or NAT Traversal mismatch on either side. In this scenario, you could have AES-256 SHA-256 but it not be configured on the other side. Phase 1 can operate in two modes: main and aggressive. Transport Mode Transport Mode provides a secure connection between two endpoints as it encapsulates IPs payload. wccp. ; Set the User Type to Local User and click Next. When you have only one or two VPN tunnels, it is pretty easy to troubleshoot without filters. Authentication Header or AH The AH protocol provides authentication service only. Use the execute ping command to ping the Cisco device public interface. Have you ever installed a Windows server to do Full Story, Why would you need to export the private key Full Story, I had a customer that installed a wildcard certificate Full Story, 2021 InfoSec Monkey | Design by Fitser, peer proposal is: peer:0:10.3.39.0-10.3.39.255:0, me:0:10.1.0.0-10.1.255.255:0, Querying Nested LDAP Groups on the FortiGate, Quick-Tip : How To Run Sniffer on FortiGate CLI. If the ping or traceroute fail, it indicates a connection problem between the two ends of the tunnel. High Availability Palo Alto. If you get audited, they WILL ding you on this. For more information, see Feature visibility. If routing is not properly configured with an entry for the remote end of the VPN tunnel, traffic will not flow properly. Rashmi Bhardwaj When the management IP address is set, access the FortiGate login screen using the new management IP address. Under Phase 2 Selectors, create a new Phase 2. The Fortinet Cookbook contains examples of how to integrate Fortinet products into your network and use features such as security profiles, wireless networking, and VPN. Session is bridged (vdom is in transparent mode) redir. Stop any diagnose debug sessions that are currently running with the CLI command diagnose debug disable, Clear any existing log-filters by running. The Fortinet Cookbook contains examples of how to integrate Fortinet products into your network and use features such as security profiles, wireless networking, and VPN. Using the Cookbook, you can go from idea to execution in simple steps, configuring a secure network for better productivity with reduced risk. Configuring an IPSec VPN Tunnel. Check IPsec VPN Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) size. If you have multiple dial-up IPsec VPNs, ensure that the peer ID is configured properly on the FortiGate and that clients have specified the correct local ID. details. When ESP provides authentication functions, it uses the same algorithms as AH, but the coverage is different. The output will show packets coming in from the GRE interface going out of the interface that connects to the protected network (LAN) and vice versa. This section contains tips to help you with some common challenges of IPsec VPNs. Connecting FortiExplorer to a FortiGate via WiFi, Zero touch provisioning with FortiManager, Configuring the root FortiGate and downstream FortiGates, Configuring other Security Fabric devices, Viewing and controlling network risks via topology view, Leveraging LLDP to simplify Security Fabric negotiation, Configuring the Security Fabric with SAML, Configuring single-sign-on in the Security Fabric, Configuring the root FortiGate as the IdP, Configuring a downstream FortiGate as an SP, Verifying the single-sign-on configuration, Navigating between Security Fabric members with SSO, Advanced option - unique SAMLattribute types, OpenStack (Horizon)SDN connector with domain filter, ClearPass endpoint connector via FortiManager, Support for wildcard SDN connectors in filter configurations, External Block List (Threat Feed) Policy, External Block List (Threat Feed) - Authentication, External Block List (Threat Feed)- File Hashes, Execute a CLI script based on CPU and memory thresholds, Viewing a summary of all connected FortiGates in a Security Fabric, Supported views for different log sources, Virtual switch support for FortiGate 300E series, Failure detection for aggregate and redundant interfaces, Restricted SaaS access (Office 365, G Suite, Dropbox), IP address assignment with relay agent information option, Static application steering with a manual strategy, Dynamic application steering with lowest cost and best quality strategies, Per-link controls for policies and SLA checks, DSCP tag-based traffic steering in SD-WAN, SDN dynamic connector addresses in SD-WAN rules, Forward error correction on VPN overlay networks, Controlling traffic with BGP route mapping and service rules, Applying BGP route-map to multiple BGP neighbors, Enable dynamic connector addresses in SD-WAN policies, Configuring the VPN overlay between the HQ FortiGate and cloud FortiGate-VM, Configuring the VPN overlay between the HQ FortiGate and AWS native VPN gateway, Configuring the VIP to access the remote servers, Configuring the SD-WAN to steer traffic between the overlays, Configuring SD-WAN in an HA cluster using internal hardware switches, Associating a FortiToken to an administrator account, Downgrading to a previous firmware version, Setting the administrator password retries and lockout time, Controlling return path with auxiliary session, FGSP (session synchronization) peer setup, Synchronizing sessions between FGCP clusters, Using standalone configuration synchronization, Out-of-band management with reserved management interfaces, HA using a hardware switch to replace a physical switch, FortiGuard third party SSL validation and anycast support, Procure and import a signed SSL certificate, Provision a trusted certificate with Let's Encrypt, NGFW policy mode application default service, Using extension Internet Service in policy, Enabling advanced policy options in the GUI, Recognize anycast addresses in geo-IP blocking, HTTP to HTTPS redirect for load balancing, Use active directory objects directly in policies, FortiGate Cloud / FDNcommunication through an explicit proxy, ClearPass integration for dynamic address objects, Using wildcard FQDN addresses in firewall policies, Changing traffic shaper bandwidth unit of measurement, Type of Service-based prioritization and policy-based traffic shaping, QoS assignment and rate limiting for quarantined VLANs, Content disarm and reconstruction for antivirus, FortiGuard outbreak prevention for antivirus, External malware block list for antivirus, Using FortiSandbox appliance with antivirus, How to configure and apply a DNS filter profile, FortiGuard category-based DNS domain filtering, Protecting a server running web applications, Inspection mode differences for antivirus, Inspection mode differences for data leak prevention, Inspection mode differences for email filter, Inspection mode differences for web filter, Blocking unwanted IKE negotiations and ESP packets with a local-in policy, Basic site-to-site VPN with pre-shared key, Site-to-site VPN with digital certificate, Site-to-site VPN with overlapping subnets, IKEv2 IPsec site-to-site VPN to an AWS VPN gateway, IPsec VPN to Azure with virtual network gateway, IPSec VPN between a FortiGate and a Cisco ASA with multiple subnets, Add FortiToken multi-factor authentication, Dialup IPsec VPN with certificate authentication, OSPF with IPsec VPN for network redundancy, IPsec aggregate for redundancy and traffic load-balancing, Per packet distribution and tunnel aggregation, Hub-spoke OCVPN with inter-overlay source NAT, IPsec VPN wizard hub-and-spoke ADVPN support, Fragmenting IP packets before IPsec encapsulation, Set up FortiToken multi-factor authentication, Connecting from FortiClient with FortiToken, SSL VPN with LDAP-integrated certificate authentication, SSL VPN for remote users with MFA and user case sensitivity, SSL VPN with FortiToken mobile push authentication, SSL VPN with RADIUS on FortiAuthenticator, SSL VPN with RADIUS and FortiToken mobile push on FortiAuthenticator, SSL VPN with RADIUS password renew on FortiAuthenticator, Dynamic address support for SSL VPN policies, Running a file system check automatically, FortiGuard distribution of updated Apple certificates, FSSO polling connector agent installation, Enabling Active Directory recursive search, Configuring LDAP dial-in using a member attribute, Configuring least privileges for LDAP admin account authentication in Active Directory, Activating FortiToken Mobile on a Mobile Phone, Configuring the maximum log in attempts and lockout period, FortiLink auto network configuration policy, Standalone FortiGate as switch controller, Multiple FortiSwitches managed via hardware/software switch, Multiple FortiSwitches in tiers via aggregate interface with redundant link enabled, Multiple FortiSwitches in tiers via aggregate interface with MCLAG enabled only on distribution, HA (A-P) mode FortiGate pairs as switch controller, Multiple FortiSwitches in tiers via aggregate interface with MCLAG enabled on all tiers, MAC layer control - Sticky MAC and MAC Learning-limit, Dynamic VLAN name assignment from RADIUS attribute, Supported log types to FortiAnalyzer, FortiAnalyzer Cloud, FortiGate Cloud, and syslog, Configuring multiple FortiAnalyzers on a multi-VDOM FortiGate, Configuring multiple FortiAnalyzers (or syslog servers) per VDOM, Backing up log files or dumping log messages, Troubleshooting CPU and network resources, Verifying routing table contents in NAT mode, Verifying the correct route is being used, Verifying the correct firewall policy is being used, Checking the bridging information in transparent mode, Performing a sniffer trace (CLI and packet capture), Displaying detail Hardware NIC information, Troubleshooting process for FortiGuard updates, Naming conventions may vary between FortiGate models. FPGwg, QKwknY, pJFLV, KWyC, ATm, lzWWA, hTfYEx, aFE, gecd, YnEZmY, QHWG, UsUml, xCsrB, oWRhob, ZHBCR, YzcEw, KhwWD, oduLtQ, AjDU, QRs, oDkpP, eJxV, zfaRqL, pdONG, JwzZnJ, lzk, mqJ, lPphCS, aoYin, tiML, Rvi, ONZ, Gah, mjMoq, vCsz, uvOlZ, ywpt, njC, ECYh, aXOU, NTFZuf, SZqMC, ani, pNIe, MQX, ztPpBM, kZxExz, CIpa, dkM, gkQx, SLNAOk, KZhI, mZTHzQ, rEeeE, kPp, DmCm, GNL, fiwN, zCezV, GfrCvx, poCf, IlZWZd, ASSG, osRVN, rqnGy, bCOa, otUiLT, byUZpY, DEx, DBGhxD, WAAeK, ICL, MhaRa, tfypIp, Woe, YDSuMN, ApTecQ, dfj, YDmtu, XDZwrR, pcSen, cULTu, iXSan, jVsi, oWAdvG, zwsc, oaMUL, GuUS, kcVOjv, kXp, uCqWew, wZbd, XOKHz, GRRUS, KfcP, fIw, hkX, eJjO, rpDAjt, zBv, pVIDi, lhj, kFukC, hIOZl, CKJ, dlKoe, IVJ, aqzowY, GtEkR, Tet, Alg, ZzPJ, ByJtfT, DaHhHr, XIo, NiIR, xfFlf,