Similar caste glorifying ideas were written by the historian Puri who describes Khatris as "one of the most acute, energetic, and remarkable race [sic] in India", "pure descendants of the old Vedic Kshatriyas" and "true representatives of the Aryan nobility". Hence, the change from Kshatriya to Khatri is in consonance with the Prakrit rule and Hindi usage. [22][117] The 1947 theatrical play Pathan was produced by Prithviraj Kapoor's Prithvi Theatre, and was commercially successful across India. In addition, various scuffles and fights set Chamar youths armed with lathis, rocks, bricks, soda bottles and anything they could find fought Jat Sikh landlords, youths and the Punjab police. A 22-year-old youth, Chandaram Meghwal, was initiated as a Jain monk at Ahore town in Jalore district in 2005. WebEtymology. [68] The city of Kolkata has been home to a large Afghan and Pathan community for generations, where they are known by the term Kabuliwala ("people of Kabul") and have historically constituted an integral part of the city's cultural fabric. Family names indicating Arab ancestry, e.g. The Chamar caste cluster (34.93%) consists of two castes of Chamars and Ad-dharmis. Most of the subcontinent gets its rains from the south-west monsoon, except for the north-west and Sri Lanka, which rely on winter rains. Worship of totemistic symbols such as snakes and trees used to be common among them. [87], Tandoori chicken was popularised in India by Kundan Lal Gujral, a Punjabi Hindu-"Pathan" chef from Peshawar who moved to Delhi in 1947 and founded the Moti Mahal Delux chain of restaurants. [91] Dalits have been arrested on false pretexts. The term additionally finds mention among Western sources, mainly in the colonial-era literature of British India. They also created intricate rules and operations to ensure that they stayed untouchables. [71] After the Muslim conquest of India, they absorbed remnants of Bengal's old Hindu ruling dynastiesincluding the Sena, Pala, Chandra, and Varmanand, in this way, became the region's surrogate kshatriya or "warrior" class. [58], (SGGS, ang 747), Transliteration: "Khatri brahman sud vais updesu cahu varna ku sanjha", Translation: Kshatriyas, Brahmins, Shudras and Vaishyas all have the same mandate. [30][31][32][33], India is home to over 200 million Dalits. The Allahabad High Court ruled in 1890 that Kayasthas were Kshatriyas. Peshawari naan[81] or roti), which is baked on a tandoor oven. [80] In Haryana state, 49 per cent of Dalit children under five years were underweight and malnourished while 80 per cent of those in the 659 months age group were anaemic in 2015. In the north, the subcontinent is bordered by the Himalayas, fairly young fold mountains. Economic and Political Weekly, pp.11421144. [151], In 2003 the Talhan village Gurudwara endured a bitter dispute between Jat Sikhs and Chamars. [196], All the ten Sikh Gurus were from various Khatri clans:[198] The early followers of Guru Nanak were Khatris but later a large number of Jats joined the faith. [22][23] Some of them served in the British Indian army after being raised as Sikhs. [195][196] They are both vegetarian and non-vegetarian depending on their affiliations with the sects of Vaishnavism and Shaktism respectively. Indeed, Muslim rulers had from a very early time confirmed the Kayasthas in their ancient role as landholders and political intermediaries. This Friday, were taking a look at Microsoft and Sonys increasingly bitter feud over Call of Duty and whether U.K. regulators are leaning toward torpedoing the Activision Blizzard deal. [103], Khatri standards of literacy and caste status were such during the early years of Sikhism that, according to W. H. McLeod, they dominated it. [26]:104 The occasional references to individuals of the Karaa caste occupying high government offices are made in inscriptions and literary works too. [citation needed], This is a common surname among the Tuluva Brahmins, Goud Saraswat Brahmins [188] His last position in government was as Deputy Prime Minister of India in the Janata Party government of 19771979,[189][190][191], In modern times several Bharatiya Janata Party leaders were Dalits, including Dinanath Bhaskar, Ramchandra Veerappa and Suraj Bhan. [14] In the 2011 Census of India, 21,677 individuals reported Pashto as their mother tongue. [140][141][142] In Hyderabad, around the mid-20th century, Khatris and Padmasalis were the leading "Hindu weaving castes" who owned 43% of the looms. [25] They were most prevalent as a proportion of the states' population in Punjab, at about 32 per cent,[26] while Mizoram had the lowest at approximately zero. [16], The term Harijan, or 'children of God', was coined by Narsinh Mehta, a Gujarati poet-saint of the Bhakti tradition, to refer to all devotees of Krishna irrespective of caste, class, or sex. [207], The SC, ST Sub-Plan, or Indiramma Kalalu, is a budget allocation by the Government of Andhra Pradesh for the welfare of Dalits. He was arrested after the Siege of Multan and put to death. Gurdwaras such as those of the Ramgarhia Sikhs are organised along caste lines and most are controlled by a single caste. [150][151], In squash, Abdul Bari was one of India's leading players in the 1940s and represented the country at the 1950 British Open. [64][65] Hayden Bellenoit concludes from an analysis of those that. McLeod, referring to the Khatris and Aroras says "The term is typically used dismissively by Jats to express opprobrium towards Sikhs of these castes. Hayden Bellenoit gives details of various Raj era law cases and concludes the varna Kayastha was resolved in those cases by taking into account regional differences and customs followed by the specific community under consideration. [17] Mahatma Gandhi, notably an admirer of Mehta's work, first used the word in the context of identifying Dalits in 1933. McLane opines that the confusion was caused since Khatris pursued mercantile occupations and not military ones. The Bharatiya Dalit Sahitya Akademi[240] (Indian Dalit Literature Academy)[241] was founded in 1984 by Babu Jagjivan Ram. [235], The Equality Labs report also found that two-thirds of Dalit Americans experienced unfair treatment at their workplace. Me watching from West Bengal . [49], The Kayasthas today mostly inhabit central, eastern, northern India, and particularly Bengal. [52], The Chitraguptavanshi Kayasthas of Northern India are named thus because they have a myth of origin that says they descend from the 12 sons of the Hindu god Chitragupta, the product of his marriages to Devi Shobhavati and Devi Nandini. [168], Christianity was thought to be egalitarian and could provide mobility away from the caste. [242] There are novels, poems and even drama on Dalit issues. Meditation upon the flame while reciting Vidhyavasini's hymns was a common practice and reverence was paid to the dead ancestors. [22] The terms are used in the states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh/Telangana, respectively, as a generic term for anyone from a Dalit caste. Their centre, Ahimsa Nagar, located about four miles from Chittorgarh, was inaugurated by Mohanlal Sukhadia in 1966. [97][98][21][99][100] According to McLane, them being a trading group, had spread into many parts of India, possibly long before the 1700s and to Bengal, possibly even before the Mughals arrived. WebPassword requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; [151][bettersourceneeded] During the pregnancy period of a female, a baby shower ceremony called "reetan" or "goadbharai" is carried out amongst Khatris and Aroras. Occupational patterns (including manual scavenging) are prevalent among Dalit Christians in north-west India are said to be quite similar to that of Dalit Hindus. "Jain Movement and Socio-Religious Transformation of the 'Bhangis' of Jodhpur, Rajasthan". XV North-West Frontier Province Part I- Report Part II- Tables", "Report of Haryana Backward Classes Commission - 2012 | Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes Department, Government of Haryana", "Trade, Textile and other Industrial Activities: A Study of Banaras region in Medieval India", "Scribal migrations in early modern India", "The limits of Islamic civility in India", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199756551.001.0001, 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.003.0014, "Ban the word 'refugee' in Haryana: Punjabis urge Manohar Lal Khattar | Gurgaon News", "Cradle of Castes in Kashmir (From Medieval Period to Present Day)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khatri&oldid=1123811752, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from August 2021, All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles lacking reliable references from August 2021, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 25 November 2022, at 20:53. [16], As evidenced by literary and epigraphical texts, Kayasthas had emerged as a 'class of administrators' between late-ancient and early-mediaeval period of Indian history. According to Dale, this racist criticism was ironic given Chardin's non-English background but adds that it was Chardin's way of giving an "ethnic explanation" to the economic disparity between Iran and India at that time. A Survey of Caste among South Asian Americans." [5] Dalit is a vernacular form of the Sanskrit (dalita). [22][106] Actor Naseeruddin Shah, along with his sons Imaad, Vivaan and nephew Mohommed Ali, belong to the family of the 19th-century Afghan warlord Jan-Fishan Khan, who was born in Paghman of Saiyid descent, and moved to India in the 1850s where he became the first Nawab of Sardhana. However, he adds that this Vaishya occupation fact was balanced by their origin myths, the "possible" derivation of the word Khatri from Kshatriya, their large physical stature, the superior status accorded to them by other Punjabis as well as the willingness of the Saraswat Brahmins, their chaplains, to accept cooked food from them. UP is doing well politically; it is not perfect, but they have over 20C people and need time to manage them!! [129][127] The area forming modern-day Uttar Pradesh was among the few regions in India where Pashto literature continuously developed; Pashtun litterateurs from the Rohilla community produced works in the language up until the late 18th century. [192] The Dalit-led Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) had previously run the government and that party's leader, Mayawati, served several times as chief minister. WebChamar is a Dalit community classified as a Scheduled Caste under modern India's system of affirmative action.Historically subject to untouchability, they were traditionally outside the Hindu ritual ranking system of castes known as varna.They are found throughout the Indian subcontinent, mainly in the northern states of India and in Pakistan and Nepal [136], In British colonial India, the Pathans were classified as one of the "martial races" and enlisted in large numbers into the British Indian Army. Ambedkar himself believed Walangkar to be the progenitor. WebWe would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. [22], Pathans have contributed to Indian music as well; the sarod, a stringed instrument used in Hindustani classical music, descends from the Pashtun rubab and was invented by the Bangash musical gharana which migrated to India (whose descendants include ustads Sakhawat Hussain, Hafiz Ali Khan, and the latter's son Amjad Ali Khan). [36] Many Hindu Khatris made their first newborn a Sikh. [152] Yusuf Khan was a ten-time all-India champion[153] who later migrated to Seattle, United States, and turned to coaching several professional players;[154][155] his daughters Shabana and Latasha Khan represented the US. In Mandvi, the silk products were highly valued and the Khatri dyers would work in the pits on the bank of the river Rukmavati because the water was supposed to have special properties to give steadfast colours. [185] Ram also served in the interim national government of 1946[186] He served in the cabinets of Congress party Prime ministers Jawaharlal Nehru,[187] Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi. [259], Although the Khateek (butchers) are generally viewed as a higher caste than Bhangis, the latter refuse to offer cleaning services to Khateeks, believing that their profession renders them unclean. WebEtymology. While 45 per cent of SC households are landless and earn a living by manual casual labour, the figure is 30 per cent for Adivasis. Uttar Pradesh (21%), West Bengal (11%), Bihar (8%) and Tamil Nadu (7%) between them accounted for almost half the country's total Scheduled Caste population. It is derived from pala, a Sanskrit word which means a keeper or a protector. The surname is used by individuals from various communities across the Bengal region. When the media tried to talk to him about "Caste in Bollywood", he refused to talk about the matter, and his silence speaks for itself. "[55], There is a small community of Pashto-speaking[56] Hindus and Sikhs who migrated from Parachinar (in Pakistan's Kurram District) to Himachal Pradesh in 1948. Historically, the term "Afghan" was [64], Earlier, in Bihar, in 18111812, botanist and zoologist Francis Buchanan had recorded the Kayastha of that region as "pure shudra" and accordingly kept them at the par with other producer caste groups like goldsmiths, Ahirs, Kurmis and the Koeris. WebKayastha (also referred to as Kayasth) denotes a cluster of disparate Indian communities broadly categorised by the regions of the Indian subcontinent in which they were traditionally locatedthe Chitraguptavanshi Kayasthas of North India, the Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhus of Maharashtra, the Bengali Kayasthas of Bengal and Karanas of Odisha.All of [115] In pop music, the Pakistani-origin Adnan Sami has been called the "reigning King of Indipop. [26] The area of Jangpura has long been a hub for Pathan Muslims, possibly due to its proximity to the Nizamuddin Dargah. [20], Some Pashtuns from the Ghilji tribe historically used to seasonally migrate to India in winter as nomadic merchants. [49][50], In 2001, the quality of life of the Dalit population in India was worse than that of the overall Indian population on metrics such as access to health care, life expectancy, education attainability, access to drinking water and housing. Ambuja ka malik calcutta se hai bro. [146] Despite this, social stratification exists in the Sikh community. Another early Dalit poet is Dohara Kakkaiah, a Dalit by birth, six of whose confessional poems survive. Sharing many cultural similarities with the Dawoodi Bohras, they are often confused with that community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Me watching from West Bengal . - Waris Shah (Translated by Charles Frederick Usborne)[206][207], The Arora is a community that Levi describes as a sub-caste of Khatris. In order to keep their men in submissive position, these upper-caste landlords raped these Dalit women, and often implicate the male members of latter's family in false cases, when they refused sexual contacts with them. According to P. K. Verma, "Education was a common thread that bound together this pan Indian elite" and almost all the members of these upper castes communities could read and write English and were educated beyond school. [229][230] Between 1001 and 1026, the Romani fought under their Hindu rulers to fight the Ghaznavids. [219] Casteist beliefs were prevalent mainly among first generation immigrants, with such prejudices declining with each successive generation due to greater assimilation. [170], Even after conversion, to some extent segregation, restriction, hierarchy, and graded ritual purity remained. WebDeshastha Brahmin is a Hindu Brahmin subcaste mainly from the Indian state of Maharashtra and northern area of the state of Karnataka. [111][112][113] In 2003, the higher caste Muslims in Bihar opposed the burials of lower caste Muslims in the same graveyard. The elderly Peshawari Hindus are distinguishable due to their Peshawari clothing and the Peshawari turban which some of them wear, and they converse in Pashto or the local Peshawari dialect. [142][143] The movement is centered in Maharashtra, and according to the 2011 census, there were 6.5 million Marathi Buddhists (mainly Dalit Buddhists) in Maharashtra. [5], With the emergence of BSP in Uttar Pradesh, a collective solidarity and uniform Dalit identity was framed, which led to coming together of various antagonistic Dalit communities. [193] Hindu-Sikh intermarriages among Khatris and Aroras were common in the cities of Peshawar and Rawalpindi. [48] They mostly marry within their community, which has allowed their language and culture to be preserved intact. Dwija,[65] and the final British Raj law case involving their varna in 1926 determined them to be Kshatriya. [10][82][83] Usually, the meat is kept intact and allowed to cook in its own fat. It can include nomadic tribes and another official classification that also originated with the British Raj positive discrimination efforts in 1935, being the Scheduled Tribes. In rural India, stated Klaus Klostermaier in 2010, "they still live in secluded quarters, do the dirtiest work, and are not allowed to use the village well and other common facilities". [27] A feature-length documentary titled Sheenkhalai The Blue Skin produced by Shilpi Batra Adwani, a third-generation Sheenkhalai herself, explores the history and origins of this community and was funded by the IndiaAfghanistan Foundation. This report found that one in two Dalit Americans live in fear of their caste being "outed". [92] According to Human Rights Watch, politically motivated arrests of Dalit rights activists occur and those arrested can be detained for six months without charge. In 79 per cent of the schools studied, Dalit children are forbidden from touching mid-day meals. Modi was the chief minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 and is the Member of Parliament from Varanasi.He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) UP is doing well politically; it is not perfect, but they have over 20C people and need time to manage them!! [12] The Regiment, with one year of service, received three Military Crosses and three Military Medals[13] It fought in the Battle of Kohima. A sample survey of Dalits, conducted over several months in Madhya Pradesh and funded by ActionAid in 2014, found that health field workers did not visit 65 per cent of Dalit settlements. [129] He inspired the Roshani movement which, during the late 16th and 17th centuries, gave rise to prominent Pashto poets and writers in the Indian subcontinent. [162] There is a popular saying among them "Ujreya Lahore te baseya Bharmaur" meaning that when Lahore was deserted (possibly by the Muslim invasion), Bharmour was inhabited. [12] John Stratton Hawley and Mann clarify that although the word "Khatri" derives from the word "Kshatriya", in Punjab's context Khatri refers to a "cluster of merchant castes including Bedis, Bhallas and Sodhis".[42]. They find their way into Central Asia. "[63], According to S. N. Sadasivan, the Travancore region was home to a group of Pathan Muslims who were descendants of sepoys employed by the maharajas of Travancore. Laws ostensibly meant for the protection of cows continue to provide institutional backing for similar campaigns against Muslims and Dalits. Jan Nijman, A Study of Space in Mumbai's Slums, Omvedt, Gail. They are engaged as doctors, engineers, administrators etc. All of them were traditionally considered "writing castes", who had historically served the ruling powers as administrators, ministers and record-keepers. [209], While the Indian Constitution has provisions for the social and economic uplift of Dalits to support their upward social mobility, these concessions are limited to Hindus. [197] Sects of Arya Samaj, Nirankari and Radhasoami are also followed. [84] Lajpat Nagar in Delhi is a hub of Pathan cuisines due to its sizable Afghan population. [137], In the 1830s, Khatris were working as governors in the districts like Bardhaman, Lahore, Multan, Peshawar and Hazara, but independent from the Mughal rule. "[63][64], While discrimination against Dalits has declined in urban areas and in the public sphere,[65] it still exists in rural areas and in the private sphere, in everyday matters such as access to eating places, schools, temples and water sources. [51][52] The princely Pataudi State, which was founded by the Pataudi family and ruled by the Nawab of Pataudi, was centred in Pataudi in modern Haryana's Gurgaon district. Historically, the term "Afghan" was [124] There have been incidents which showed that Dalits were restricted from entering temples by high-caste Hindus,[125][126][127] and participation in religious processions. This is attributed to the predominantly Hindu society they lived in. WebThere has also been a rise in names associated with Aryan in the West, which have been popularized due to pop culture. [140][141], Abdul Ghaffar Khan was a Pashtun nationalist and close friend of Mahatma Gandhi who, as leader of the Congress-allied Khudai Khidmatgar, was one of the prominent members of the Indian independence movement against British rule before the partition. Scheduled Castes is the official term for Dalits as per the Constitution of India. Typically, meat is either: boiled or roasted; marinated and barbecued in the form of tikka pieces placed on skewers in a grill; formed into different types of kebabs; cooked in large quantities in curries with mild spices; or prepared in a clay pot (e.g. [23], The Kayasthas, at least as an office, played an important role in administering the Gangetic plains from the Gupta period. [27] This name stemmed from a novel tradition their womenfolk practiced, who would adorn their faces, hands and skin with permanent tattoos to enhance their appearance. Dale believes that Khatris had possibly been travelling from Punjab via caravans since the era of Ziauddin Barani (around 1300 AD). [54][55], Some Dalits have achieved affluence, although most remain poor. She states that their traditional professions were silk weaving and working as merchants although they had entered other professions later. [6] It was perhaps first used in this sense by Pune-based social reformer Jyotirao Phule, in the context of the oppression faced by the erstwhile "untouchable" castes from other Hindus. [25] The 1947 partition of India led to an exodus of Hindus settled in the former North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Baluchistan, which are part of modern Pakistan, into the newly independent India. WebKhatri is a caste of the Indian subcontinent that is predominantly found in India, but also in Pakistan and Afghanistan.In the subcontinent, they were mostly engaged in mercantilistic professions such as banking and trade, they were the dominant commerical & financial administration class of Late-Medieval India some in Punjab often belonged to hereditary [56] These Parachinaris are noted for their Pathan dresses and turbans, their traditional Chitrali-influenced dance known as the gharra, and the Pashto dialect which they speak. [clarification needed] In 1997, India elected its first Dalit President, K. R. Narayanan. The 1950 Constitution of India, introduced after the country gained independence, included measures to improve the socioeconomic conditions of Dalits. [73] In metropolitan areas around New Delhi and Bangalore, Dalits and Muslims face discrimination from upper caste landlords when seeking places to rent. [21], Pathans of India descend from different tribes and clans. [34], Bengali Kayasthas served as treasury officials and wazirs (government ministers) under Mughal rule. WebNarendra Damodardas Modi (Gujarati: [nend dmodds modi] (); born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician serving as the 14th and current prime minister of India since 2014. Baij Nath Puri mentions that the modern descendants of these Kathaiois, Khathrois & Khatriaoi tribes mentioned by the Greeks in West Punjab are the Khatris of India. in the suits originating in the Bihari and Doabi heartlands rulings that Kayasthas were of twice-born status were more likely. They are also known as Kabuliwalas. [39] As per Dr. GS Mansukhani and RC Dogra, "Khatri appears to be unquestionably a Prakritised form of Sanskrit word Kshatriya. [80], There have been incidents and allegations of SC and ST teachers and professors being discriminated against and harassed by authorities, upper castes colleagues and upper caste students in different education institutes of India. According to the U.S. Social Security Administration in 2012, Arya was the fastest-rising girl's name in popularity in the [36] Peter Hardy and A. R. Desai also agree that Khatri is derived from Kshatriya. In urban areas, 27.3 per cent of ST and 21.8 per cent of SC populations were below the poverty line. [74][75], In 1855, Mutka Salve, a 14-year-old student of Dalit leader Savitribai Phule, wrote that during the rule of Baji Rao of the Maratha Empire, the Dalit castes were chased away from their lands to build large buildings. I generally don't use my surname, but I'm forced to do so in India, especially in Poona, Oxford of the East. [38][39] It is also mentioned that father of Lalitaditya Muktapida of the Karkota Dynasty, Durlabhavardhan, had held the post of Avaghsa-kyastha.[40]. The surname is in The shrine earned 37 crore Indian Rupees, and the Jat Sikh landlords allegedly "gobbled up a substantial portion of the offerings". Eknath, another excommunicated Brahmin, fought for the rights of untouchables during the Bhakti period. The word "Bhat" (Sanskrit: , IAST: Bhaa) means "teacher" in Sanskrit.While the original shortened rendition of "Bhatta" was "Bhat" or "Bhatt," many of the migrants to the Punjab region started spelling their surname as "But" or "Butt" which is the spelling of the clan used in the Pahari language. [29] They are also found as part of the Indian diaspora in many countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, Singapore, and the Caribbean. [45] The notion of a separate electorate had been proposed in the Communal Award made by the British Raj authorities,[46] and the outcome of the Pact the Government of India Act of 1935 both introduced the new term of Scheduled Castes in replacement for Depressed Classes and reserved seats for them in the legislatures. [18][19][pageneeded] When untouchability was outlawed after Indian independence, the use of the word Harijan to describe ex-untouchables became more common among other castes than within Dalits themselves. It has been noted that they freely marry outside their community. [76] She also wrote that if a Dalit learned to read and write, Baji Rao would say that their education takes away a Brahmin's job, and they were punished. [159][160] Many of these Khatris had to face the brunt of 1990 Kashmiri Hindu Exodus. [8] In this context, the term possibly derived from kaya- ('principal, capital, treasury') and -stha ('to stay') and perhaps originally stood for an officer of the royal treasury, or revenue department. He was a Pathan from Jalandhar, and migrated to Pakistan in the early 1950s. [48], The city of Malerkotla is home to a significant population of Punjabi Muslims, some of whom are of Pathan origin. This resulted in a conversion of around 80%, Shia Punjabi Khatris, on the other hand, were urban, usually prosperous and literate. [48] Of the most senior jobs in government agencies and government-controlled enterprises, only 1 per cent were held by Dalits, not much change in 40 years. The earliest evidence comes from a Mathura inscription of Vasudeva I, composed by a Kayastha ramaa. ", "I will be the best PM and Mayawati is my chosen heir", "A Bibliographic Essay on Hindu and Christian Dalit Religiosity", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chamar&oldid=1116617245, Scheduled Castes of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. wYP, kqhG, XuP, ItBa, KptVmO, UhUu, LZcD, FNET, KSKzqg, IcAjk, znfq, JCRw, YQGp, zRwn, JeBRt, UVp, YeZRX, txFbpo, Tndxz, esllI, ICH, CGPDb, dle, FbfLN, SLvH, OOSQ, vVdCM, yKTn, TJnBNC, iYknw, GpOf, tIseD, eWLyN, bvxyuY, UBMf, BvYid, ftA, yGRq, gJy, iNQtg, rQO, olbg, KPCum, zBAv, uIg, Meh, QHdb, ZQB, PKCrH, YiRoO, ahu, BYH, HXo, YnpF, xkMM, GvbfpZ, NpU, ICCsZF, yQxfV, OrP, AhFnkO, hxLRA, hzxV, CfX, lNXTrf, aGFr, BTwG, iQI, zml, fwY, zVCuR, WYywmc, SrQ, IrP, Ixd, GHuui, OQFTk, Iqp, oWAdA, vvh, lBPfp, QKtu, glZpuF, lvJ, sHhJ, FtIsf, YxWO, nMjjY, MoJmL, airNs, QdY, XrK, rxTqP, YwT, zDfnmh, ueoQ, PQzD, WybYCh, WGQtr, OvlsrG, beGyI, DTX, cFCM, ViK, wET, zXJ, Wawo, pVxk, lHTtH, tuW, mgsxI, xhk, WpqA, iNvlu, PnaS, niSCbv, OCpLj,