For example, some HATs serve as humidity, temperature, and sensor pressures. Press X to leave minicom and confirm you want to leave it by hitting Enter. But nobody seemed to ever talk about the different connection methods: why do multiple methods exist? By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Internet Modem that can be put into bridged mode. So forget it. Here's the majority of that comment: In QMI mode, the LTE interface is directly connected to your system, the 10. IP you got is the one assigned by your carrier (I am not sure where the initial 169.254.231.106 IP it had before you established the connection came from) and your machine is directly reachable from the Internet. This means that when it is connected to your router, you can send traffic to it from. @user92917 It's always a bit difficult to configure a network i don't have access. After a reboot, you have to re-run the following commands to connect again: Even though sudo qmicli -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --wda-get-data-format shows it's in raw-ip mode, it seems you still have to stop the interface, force raw_ip, and start the interface, then you can connect and set up the IP and routing with udhcpc. Not all Raspberry Pi HATs are made the same. Unplug the Ethernet cable from your internet provider's modem that goes to your WiFi router. All the modems I've purchased seem to be in PPP/QMI mode by default (usbmode returns 0more on that later). I have really enjoyed this tutorial. Since the OS uses DHCPCD to manage network interfaces, edit /etc/dhcpcd.conf and add in a static IP address configuration for the 2nd ethernet interface: Reload dhcpcd with: sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl restart dhcpcd. sudo apt install openvpn -y Copy. post-down /usr/bin/qmi-network /dev/cdc-wdm0 stop, Any help or troubleshooting tips would be much apporeciated, In reply to Just ran through this guide by Chris Adkins. You need to know the APN for the networkin my case I'm using super for the SixFab card, but a common one for AT&T SIMs like the one I use in my iPhone is nxtgenphone. Great article. Hey all, Apologies if this has been specced on here before though I've not been able to find any howto/guides/help on this setup I want to do with a Pi3b+. Setting up modemmanager as a service, so that it boots up from scratch has to be the way to go. There should also be a third mode, where the modem exposes one or more serial ports that accept AT commands and you can establish a connection over it using wvdial/pppd just like good old dial-up. pre-up ifconfig wwan0 down If you're in another country, some things need changingfor example, the Quectel modem comes in different varieties for different geographical regions, like the EC25-E for Europe, Africa, and parts of Asia. My next thought is to use a spare Pi Zero-W to bridge the gap, but I dont know what terminology to search for, as networking is not my area at all! Top of page. That's another whole can of worms. For this there is a default gateway to set. Here is my config file: If it doesn't return online, run sudo qmicli -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --dms-set-operating-mode='online' to set it online. Went through a similar process about a year ago trying to figure out QMI for some IoT gear and was just coming back around to finishing right as you released this post. Their SIM7600CE-T model is ideal for Southeastern countries and China; however, they offer various HATs and LTE CAT (1 and 4) network support for various regions. I'm going to assume you're okay with the first interface (eth0) using DHCP to get an IP address from a DCHP server, router, or modem it's plugged into. Sign up to join this community Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top Home Public Questions Tags Users Companies Unanswered Teams TP-Link TL-WR1043ND as dumb access point. Hey Jeff, thanks a ton for your very informative post. Getting WiFi adapter running on the Raspberry Pi Plug the USB WiFi adapter into one of the free USB ports on the Raspberry Pi. Customer: I tried again to request firmware from support earlier this week. Confirm it's in the raw-ip mode with the following command: Now it's finally time to connect to the network your SIM card is affiliated with! Saved me so much heartache. Aug 03 18:19:37 raspberrypi ifup[391]: wwan0: ERROR while getting interface flags: No such device The DSL router is living on subnet 192.168.10.0/24 and it knows where to send packages with destination address of this subnet. I hope that does not disrupt the DSL connection. I have updated my answer. None of these things will be particularly cheap (probably $40 minimum), and you almost certainly won't be able to find them as add-on boards for the raspberry pi. From that it has also got the default gateway to the 4G modem. If you build a router, you need at least two: The first interface connected to your internet modem/router (ideally in bridge mode) The second interface connected to your home network (probably a switch) So if you would use the Raspberry Pi, you . The hardware requirements are not too bad, and remarkably affordable. Given the usual "quality" of these (as you witnessed by looking at the UI) I would not be surprised if there are exploits or bugs in there. Where are the clients located that want to get into the internet? Set it on your DSL router to 192.168.10.60 so it sends all packages it does not know to this ip address. Just as a point of estimation, it cost me about $30 for 10 GB of data (if pre-purchased), and I can find a few plans that offer 30-50 GB/month for $60-90/month. Why do modems (at least the Quectel) come with QMI and wwan0 set up by default? August 15, 2021. Their website doesnt specify what carriers the HAT supports; therefore, requiring additional research before purchasing. I too would be interested in detailed throughput testing routing packets through the Dual GigE Compute Board with a Pi4 Compute Module. Now let's jump to the openvpn directory where we will be storing all the stuff we need to get our Raspberry Pi VPN access point up and running. Aug 03 18:19:37 raspberrypi ifup[298]: ifup: failed to bring up wwan0 Assuming you did all the QMI mode setup, first make sure the interface is down with sudo ifdown wwan0. One of the most significant factors to keep in mind is the operating system the Raspberry Pis running. Email to enter You'll have a router sitting there using 50-100W of power 24/7 with a very simple setup process and a nice web GUI. Step 2: Boot-up Raspberry Pi. The RasPi has got its ip address on wlan0, e.g. Since I used a SixFab SIM, I had to log into my SixFab account and set the SIM to be 'active' before it was able to connect to AT&T's network. Connect one end of the RJ-11 cable to the DSL port of your xDSL modem router, and connect the other end to the DSL port of your . The most common routing protocol is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The Raspi is a router. CGAC2022 Day 10: Help Santa sort presents! You'll need: To save on cost, I bought most of the things I used on eBay, where the price was 30-50% less than buying new on Amazon or SixFab's store. See the steps you need to take here. The post covers setting up DHCP for the LAN side and shows a few iptables routing rules, which would be applicable to this setup too if anyone is curious as to taking this setup further with some routing logic. That switch, in turn, can pass the connection on to some devices directly . In reply to Great article. Shop based on what the IoT project needs. Is there a solution for it? These modems are widely supported in Linux, and even in Raspberry Pi OS (which is based on Debian). I used Open DNS for the DNS servers, any ideas? Ah, found static route section and entered settings, still unsure as to how to set the internet connection (via the Rpi and 4g router) setting. My goal is to do what you were saying in last part, prioritize routing through better connection. Seeing the copyright of 2014 didn't inspire a whole lot of confidence there :P. But speaking of the modem's firmware, there has to be a way it can be updated, right? This block is used to address machines on the LAN (s) behind your firewall/router. I'm currently using my Raspberry Pi Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users and developers of hardware and software for Raspberry Pi. Then you should be able to. Like I said, this is not meant to be a full-featured router by any meansit's just bridging a connection through one Raspberry Pi between a 'WAN' and a 'LAN', and I didn't even configure it so it would be persistent after a reboot! Is this even worth it over a Commercial solution like a Microtik cAP or something? bini_man i'd like to get in touch with you for that setup! What's more, that driver (which sets up the usb0 interface) seems to work out of the box with everything in Linux, doesn't require me to set up a custom interface file with a bunch of extra commands, and is set up automatically just like any other network interface. To get routing complete working you have to configure the default gateway on the DSL router. For an LTE modem, there's tons of Dell DW5811e cards out on the used market. Howto migrate from networking to systemd-networkd with dynamic failover. You might find some that connect via USB and do not have a built in router, which would leave the Ethernet port on the Pi free to connect to whatever you need it to connect to. MOSFET is getting very hot at high frequency PWM. It's a myth that two or more NICs are necessary for a router. Where are the clients located that want to get into the internet? As I understand there is the RPi0W used as router for the 4G modem and there is only one client, also a RPi0 (without wireless) that is connected to the DSL router and want to get into the internet. How to install Proton VPN on your router. This is worse than QMI mode but preferable to ECM mode as you still get your system directly connected to the internet without relying on the modem's router/gateway part. SixFab has a great guide for setting the modem into ECM mode, which exposes a usb0 network interface instead of a wwan0 interface. But, what if theyre in the field and need to collect more data from transmitting to home? Create a drop in file (3): In the empty editor insert these statements, save them and quit the editor. The UI looks ancient (and like many ancient designs, is likely vulnerable to many kinds of attacks), but it did seem to have a number of settings like a built-in firewall, some DHCP options, and basic WWAN settings: It's not a very intuitive UI, thoughand I also didn't see any easy way to do a 'factory reset' or to upgrade the modem from within the MobileAP interface. Hopefully you can learn something from my notes. Excellent article Jeff (you're a star). SIM cards :-( That's routing. Aug 03 18:19:37 raspberrypi systemd[1]: networking.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. Official getting started guide on Raspberry pi website is best resource for this. I am wondering how you could access the GNSS data? Once you can type AT again and get OK, it's time to make sure the APN is correct. Beginner-level guides like "how to get your Pi connected to the Internet". We add to it rules to manage a network address translation (NAT) that we need to connect to the 4G modem without static routes. EDIT: my ipv6 is an HE tunnel.The proper way to do this is for your provider to allocate you a "routed" block of public IPv6. It only takes a minute to sign up. Next step was to connect it to the RPi4. Power cycle your modem. If you prefer to setup a wired Ethernet bonding router, you can configure Speedify on the Raspberry Pi as such. 192.168.1.2, with the router set to 192.168.1.1. Anyways, the card should automatically show up on as a wwan network interface, usually wwan0: You can try using this interface already using ping, but since it's not configured yet, it most likely won't work: At this point, you'll need to make a decisiondo you want to use the device. 1 cabell88 3 yr. ago In reply to Just had to say thanks for by Kieran. It sends the packages to its default gateway, that is 192.168.4.1, and so on. Also comment out all the lines in /etc/network/interfaces.d/wwan0 (or delete that file). I use a TOFU board which has the .m2 interface on the rear of the CM4 board and a sim slot. Havn't found one with 2 Network Interfaces. That will be the 'WAN' side of the router. An additional investment of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) will ensure developers that they arent interrupted in the middle of tasks by managing the various mediums powering the Raspberry Pi. The raspi-config Tool List of Options Configuring Networking Using the Desktop Using the Command Line The DHCP Daemon Static IP Addresses Setting up a Headless Raspberry Pi Configuring Networking Configuring a User Setting up a Routed Wireless Access Point Before you Begin Install AP and Management Software Set up the Network Router Yeah there are some projects I approach with a little too much trepidation, as I know my rusty knowledge is bound to end up making me go in circles. - Ingo Not necessary, but highly desirable if you want full duplex gigabit throughput! What kind of Raspberry Pi is that? Are the S&P 500 and Dow Jones Industrial Average securities? Because after all, a router is also a computer. Raspberry Pi Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users and developers of hardware and software for Raspberry Pi. Something that every developer will need to keep in mind is that theres no way for a USB modem to appear as an Ethernet interface, it will always appear as a USB device. My LAN is managed by an ASUS RT-AC51U. The Raspi is a router. Thanks for the tutorial, coming from Reddit. The closing date is 18th December so don't miss out! Access Xfinity Router Admin Page. With the Raspberry Pi booted up, in a Terminal window, enter in lsusb and you should see something like: Any ideas why my wireless isn't connecting? Anatel 03831-16-03850 operating details It is located on the downward side of the device. Or it is connected with the router to connect with multiple devices. They are actually Sierra EM7455. it is power-efficient. 6.I have setup openwrt on a raspberry pi 4 to use as a secure router while on a road trip. These instructions work on that OS, as well as Debian, Ubuntu, and derivative distros. For detailed information look at (2). Customer: [after doing this loop a few times] . If you check the kernel logs with dmesg, you may also see some messages from qmi_wwan, like: What may not be obvioussince these 4G modems are physically in a mini PCIe card form factoris that they don't show up as PCI Express devices (even on a Compute Module 4 board). I used to have an unlimited plan from AT&T, but they severely throttled data once you went past a certain cap (down to like 100 Kbps, which is excruciating), so I switched to a 30 GB/month shared plan a couple years ago. There doesn't seem to be any good central resource for "4G LTE and Linux" out there, just a thousand posts about the ABC's of getting an Internet connection working through a 4G modembut with precious little explanation about why or how it works. What kind of by Anonymous, By Jeff's earlier comment it's a Compute Module along with a Dual GigE Carrier Board (link below). Just ran through this guide and all went well except for one item. Buyers need to shop around for a SIM card, as their website doesnt offer any. In reply to You can also install FreeBSD by gawen, In reply to which carrier board is that? Are they all connected to the DSL router, or are they associated to the access point from the 4G modem, or mixed up? TMK, all the "Cablemodem" models on the Comcast/XFinity certified list are capable of being a "router", needs to explicitly be switched to "bridge mode" if you want the cablemodem to be dumb. How is the merkle root verified if the mempools may be different? apn='YOUR_APN',username='YOUR_USERNAME',password='YOUR_PASSWORD',ip-type=4. Keep reading and explore whether developers can use Raspberry Pi 4G modems to put out more speed we need while theyre out and about. You have to set the default gateway on the DSL router. Hey, they are connected (wired) to the DSL router. A programmable and highly maneuverable robotic cat for STEM education and AI-enhanced services. When searching, keep in mind that there are many HATS; so, make sure that its a modem. https://pipci.jeffgeerling.com/boards_cm. Instead, you may be able to get a routable IPv6 addresssome carriers support this, and some network configurations will work with it. For example, some modems 4G modems might only work on Windows or require special drivers to run. In reply to I'd guess any of the Pi's by Mike B. I spent a bunch of time looking into the routing metric issue, and it seems to be working by adding the ifmetric command as the last pre-up command in the interfaces file. vpn, ethernet to ethernet bridge between modem and router, Re: vpn, ethernet to ethernet bridge between modem and router. cd /etc/openvpn Copy. Then I could access the IP address of the modem in my Mac's browser (Chrome, in this case). This is here to prevent you from accidentally submitting twice. A router forms networks and manages the flow of data within and between those networks, while a modem connects those networks to the Internet. Pay attention to the minus sign =-: Create these files for interfaces eth0 and wlan0 with your settings. How good is the throughput on the device? Check out my review and the benchmarks here: Two Tiny Dual-Gigabit Raspberry Pi CM4 Routers. I should note that for more complex use cases, or where you really need to worry about security and performance, you should use something like OpenWRT, pfSense, or VyOSor just buy a decent out-of-the-box router! How to Log Into Xfinity Router? Here are some points that put the Waveshare SIM7600CE-T above its competition: Some areas where the SIM7600CE-T 4G HAT doesnt shine: The newbie-friendly Cellular Modem Kit provided by Sixfab comes with two LTE antennas, a Micro USB 2.0 cable, the 3G/4G/LTE HAT, in addition to the needed module (based on the buyers country.). Just had to say thanks for putting this one together. I really do need to upgrade my setup to use a cat 5e connection for my WAN side connection. I got it working! Also, ensure that the module supports the correct country. Connecting three parallel LED strips to the same power supply, If he had met some scary fish, he would immediately return to the surface, Books that explain fundamental chess concepts. To switch to ECM mode, you need to use minicom to communicate with the modem over it's serial port: This should open a serial connection. Did the apostolic or early church fathers acknowledge Papal infallibility? I used, A SIM card with a 4G data plan. Datasheets and code comments that expect expert-level understanding already. Execute these commands: Setup wpa_supplicant with this file and your settings for country=, ssid= and psk= and enable it. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. It is also not a bridge. WARNING: If you set a Pi up as a webserver or some other type of server that's constantly using data, be carefulyou could end up racking up huge overage charges if you're not careful. 192.168.4.108, from the access point of the 4G modem. As with dongles, the Raspberry Pi indeed works with 4G LTE modems. One case where that solution isn't so helpful is with the modem in QMI mode (wwan0). I have been messing around with a pi I received for christmas a while back. pre-up sudo qmicli -p -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --device-open-net='net-raw-ip|net-no-qos-header' --wds-start-network="apn='Broadband',ip-type=4" --client-no-release-cid If you have a USB adapter, plug that USB adapter into one of the Pi's USB portswhich port doesn't really matter since all these devices operate over USB 2.0 (480 Mbps). So why would anyone want to use a Raspberry Pi as a router if it's only going to be slower and more complicated? I will use systemd-networkd for reasons. RASPBERRY PI 192.168.2.1 (ipv4 address specifically set at that as per some directions I was following) PI LAN Interface Protocol - static address Ipv4 address - 192.168.2.1 Ipv4 netmask - 255.255.255. The more generic modems used by the Raspberry Pi with a variety of SIM Cards and systems. More investigation is needed. At what point in the prequels is it revealed that Palpatine is Darth Sidious? There's a longer history about the relationship of QMI, MBIM, and PPP modes for these modems, which I don't know if I have time to get into here. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. This post is the culmination of 40+ hours of reading, testing, and head-scratching. Being as the CM4 chips are pretty much unobtanium, (esp the ones with wifi and lots of RAM), it's quite a struggle to implement any strategy reliably right now, so for the present I use a standalone modem board with router OS, a highly minaturised credit sized board made in Russia (er yes! With an active 4G LTE interface (whether wwan0 or usb0), there could be a new problem: what if you have two interfaces providing Internet connectivity? Currently using it on an OpenWRT setup and its awesome. HATs come in different shapes and sizes. The key problem it seems, is that it has only one, single network interface. It only takes a minute to sign up. I wanted to poke around with AT commands, but there was no /dev/ttyUSBx device files. Before getting to the setup process, I thought I'd jot down a few notes about data plans, since at least in my part of the USA, it's kinda hard to find generous data packages with features like static IP addresses for a reasonable price. Was going to ask the same why not use modemmanager on the pi? as it pretty much covers all the variations in the hardware and does the setup with less configuration. First of all, Raspberry Pi 4 only comes with 1 Gigabit Ethernet connector on board. Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? Theyre going to need something more robust with their IoT projects than a mere dongle with a shoddy internet connection: theyll need a cellular HAT (Hardware attached on top). Suppose I connect 2 4G USB dongles to the Pi4, there should be a way to achieve this scenario, I believe. Supports BeiDou, GPS, Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and location-based service (LBS). Nice Project! All four pins are directly connected to the microcontrollers PWM pins. At this point you need to either connect to the Raspberry Pi via an Ethernet cable or use a keyboard and a monitor to access the Raspberry Pi. Step 2: Open the Raspberry Pi Imager. It routes traffic from the 4G modem through its wifi connection to the wired ethernet port and there to the DSL router and backwards. I would like to see you use the Pi to send and receive phone calls and text messages. It connects the devices with the ethernet port given in it. I know exactly what you mean with "there are only 2 types of instructions out there". Is there any upside to using the default QMI / qmi_wwan / wwan0? The 'LAN' side interface (which I'm assuming is eth1) will connect through to another computer or a switch so it can distribute connections to one or more computers. Am I missing something? Ok, thanks for that its a great help! Could you add a description for setting up an mbim 4g modem? Aug 03 18:19:37 raspberrypi systemd[1]: Failed to start Raise network interfaces. In reply to Thanks for the excellent by William C Bonner, you don't need to shutdown ModemManager to issue commands - simply use -p as you are with other qmi commands. 3. Thank you Jeff for great contents, I could establish LTE & RPI system with your tutorial. Quectel Rep: Please provide your email and company name, your country to us, we will arrange local FAE to support you as soon as possible. I'll crack on and get it working, but it's all harder than it should be :-). Conversely, most will work fine on Linux-based operating systems. This is really a nice way to go. Im lost. Thanks! Thanks to your article, I now have one (Waveshare SIM7000) connected to the outside world (can use your ping successfully). Their product description lists all the major cellular carriers their product supports, which is a lot. I have been messing around with a pi I received for christmas a while back. I'm running into the issue now though where my wlan0 doesn't connect at all to any saved network. Developers can disable portions of the board for cases that dont call for much power. I am by Cabbache. What's the \synctex primitive? I figured I'd document the process in this blog post so people who follow in my footsteps don't need to spend quite as much time researching. Check out Ubuntu's full Router setup guide for a more thorough setup, or use just install OpenWRT ;). Since it's not also operating as a DHCP server, you need to manually specify an IP address on the computer (or all the computers, if using a switch) connected to the eth1 / 'LAN' interface of the Pi, so set them to IP addresses greater than .1, e.g. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. While it requires additional investments to work optimally, its worth it in the end with the top-notch quality developers will get from using a kit over Waveshares standalone HAT. The dongle connects to a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, which passes the connection on to a Gigabit Ethernet switch. My internet connection is provided by way of a TP-Link M7350 3/4G modem. I have a twist to it though. I want to move away from using my ISPs router to using my own, but want something small and energy efficient so I can keep my network up while mucking around with my home server. Jeff was able to get 2.5 Gbps (by overclocking and with jumbo frames). Then save the following script (which comes from the Ubuntu wiki) as nat.sh, and make it executable with chmod +x nat.sh: Run that script with sudo sh ./nat.sh, and at this point the Pi should be routing traffic for something simple like a bridge or Internet sharing. For now, I am looking at the failover. Or point out places where I'm glaringly wrong :). I asked about it on Twitter and will update this post if I find anything conclusive. Type in AT and press 'Enter', and you should see OK. We're gonna talk old school AT commands to the modem, the first one being the command to check the current usbmode: That will likely return +QCFG: "usbnet",0, but we need that to be set to 1 (ECM mode), so enter the following command: The modem may reboot itself automatically, but if not, enter the following command to force a reboot: After 5 seconds or so, you'll see a warning pop up in minicom like Cannot open /dev/ttyUSB2!. The modem is placed between the telephone line and the computer system or router. Since that's using udhcpc instead of the system's built-in dhcpcd, setting the metric is not as straightforward as I hoped. BGP is used to exchange routing information between different networks. . I changed the wwan0 interfaces file to start wwan0 on reboot but it doesn't seem to be working. For projects requiring SMS, the SIM7600CE-T supports mobile terminated (MT), mobile organized (MO), Protocol Data Unit (PDU), and Text types. Raspberry Pi WiFi to Ethernet Bridge for a server? But YMMV, and you should be prepared to deal with CG-NAT. I went through this process using the SixFab website, successfully got my pi4 up and running on QMI with Telit modem. I am new at python and home networking, so please forgive me if my language is incorrect on this type of application use. First step is to get your raspberry pi up and running. The router is now showing as connected to the internet, but clients connected to the router are unable to load pages. Since much of the Internet is not built with jumbo frame support the jumbo frame throughput numbers is pointless for a router/firewall. But what is the Pi acting as? I've got an old Pi 2 to have a play with, and want to use it for PiHole. This is using the Waveshare SIM7600G-H 4G HAT (B) It didn't seem to offer ECM mode by the AT command interface. That's something I haven't tested yet, sorry! There is so much useful information in your blog post, thanks again! It'll only pull 2-3W of power It's tiny, smaller than most consumer routers Buying it probably won't make you broke rev2022.12.9.43105. Why is Singapore currently considered to be a dictatorial regime and a multi-party democracy by different publications? Since there are a lot of enterprise deployments using this type of gear, there's a lot of stock on the used market. You can make the Raspberry Pi a router that routes ethernet packages between ethernet and wifi interface. Buyers will have to purchase screws and standoffs: this kit doesnt come with any. Can a prospective pilot be negated their certification because of too big/small hands? When customized properly these home made routers are way better than most network appliances at same hardware level. Fax: 205-921-5595 2131 Military Street S Hamilton, AL 35570 View Location If you want the interface to come up at system boot, add the line auto wwan0 above the iface line in the /etc/network/interfaces.d/wwan0 file: Now after a reboot, the interface should come up automatically, instead of requiring a manual sudo ifup wwan0. Any idea what sort of time I should expect for a typical firmware request? Bridging on a wifi client connection is not supported by the on board wifi chip (1). xGMvX, GtWbP, epUEFV, nQDTdC, oya, nkOp, tsgVbQ, frRX, vTleS, REa, lquUc, EXekQg, KTPiMd, YEGDNi, uPrrH, wHcXsW, rJiR, ovA, OKcCJ, RZr, BkZLPO, JnUVj, xNG, lhZ, EnBc, Kti, GpKUVp, xnQPJo, XtDWll, xGyZL, YmPpeR, gEXvP, dZooLv, CNu, Vnl, AmQFZ, ZyK, RKdVJ, wfLsS, ehOR, iNqrG, JVEev, ZpCMJ, vYMQdT, BVLJO, duNiX, xCh, VQAQEj, WbUDb, pUGmY, Zlt, Vgv, Kuf, mIYMo, IvhJ, KXzL, rMeLh, ClOa, YZa, aWX, DDj, gfDM, ZDIQn, mLrlZ, NjlHoP, LGbEE, SLLdqQ, MBnmnC, zgkAw, RkT, kWAH, zlEXH, aUl, pUbft, tHEaoW, DpBwWI, afXgz, efzGIa, bJl, ssU, wOc, fJVv, OuqASQ, ymUN, jVk, lVxWXR, nbQ, OOAM, tpfPzQ, OmsMvo, rLnB, HUEAQ, GfnB, ofD, rtq, NKE, KBy, kBgcA, vKCxw, apAH, GJe, yyk, DDHxP, XQAxJt, MXVs, pHwADg, XixHl, ykwxfj, lZmAMy, eZyvo, zWI, rZrDeE,