A. Zee, R. E. Simard, and B. Bellveau. If you do enjoy the occasional glass of red wine, watch your consumption. Fat soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K. Water soluble vitamins included B1 (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), niacin, pantothenic acid, B6, biotin, folic acid, B12, and vitamin C (Renner et al., 1989). Other plant-based milks such as almond, coconut, rice, or oat are also potential dairy alternatives. 2007. 1997. Meanwhile, coconut milk is made by grating the meaty coconut flesh and is only 50 percent water the rest is mainly fat and protein, according to astudy. nitric oxide and peroxynitrite) (Stevens, et al., 2000; Vorbach et al., 2003; Martin et al., 2004: Harrison, 2006). New England Journal of Medicine. A past study found that swapping out just one sugary drink a day for unsweetened coffee, tea, or water may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by as much as 25 percent. CODEX. Study protocol and rationale for a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effects of ashwagandha (, Kaushik MK, et al. Schoder, D., A. Zangana, P. Paulsen, P. Winter, W. Baumgartner, and M. Wagner. Raw milk collected with proper hygiene should not contain bifidobacteria. Vitamin B12, folate and ascorbic acid content during storage. 1997. After collecting self-reported data from more than 106,000 women over two decades, researchers found that those who consumed fruit juices with added sugars, rather than 100 percent fruit juice, every day had a 40 percent greater risk of cardiovascular disease. The major antimicrobial compounds naturally present in milk include lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, and xanthine oxidase. Wilson, D. J., R. N. Gonzalez, and H. H. Das. Olivecrona, T., S. Viraro, and G. Olivercrona. Available at. A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Lactose is a unique disaccharide found in milk. Xanthine oxidase is a well-know enzyme found on milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) (Farkye, 2003; Harrison, 2006). Replacing soda with high-sugar fruit juices or processed tea and coffee drinks, which often contain added sugar, isnt much better for your health. When youre parched, toss the pop and reach for these healthier beverages instead. HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points): is it coming to the dairy? I. Milks and Formulas. Andersson, Y., K. Savman, L. Blackberg, and O. Hernell. 1996. These adaptogens provide therapeutic benefits and help the human body deal with physical and mental stressors. Sample to sample variation can be considerable (Scott et al., 1984a) and degradation can happen immediately after milking due to photo-oxidation (Kon, 1972; Renner et al., 1989; Scott et al., 1984a). 3. People with lactose intolerance lack the enzyme, beta-galactosidase or lactase, to break down lactose into glucose and galactose during digestion. An official website of the United States government, : Conesa, C., C. Rota, E. Castillo, M. Perez, M. Calvo, and L. nchez. The outbreaks and illnesses attributed to raw milk are alarming when one considers the extremely low volume of raw milk consumed in the US (< 1%="" of="" total="" milk)="" (headrick,="" et="" al.,="">. Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha (, Deshpande A, et al. These entries are concise summaries of the main subject articles, which can be consulted for more detail. You may want to avoid kombucha if youre sensitive to the effects of alcohol or if youre pregnant or nursing. Raw milk can contain a variety of disease-causing pathogens, as demonstrated by numerous scientific studies. Examples of direct and indirect effects of technological treatments on ascorbic acid, folate and thiamine. Dosages used in studies range from 250 mg per day up to 600 mg per day. 2007. Findings from a review of three small studies and published in the journal Appetite suggested that drinking soda can trigger sweet cravings by dulling your sensitivity to sweet tastes, sparking a vicious cycle of eating foods and drinks with added sugar. It was the same strategy that had existed for decades before deprivation marketing came along. In general, pasteurization has a little effect on milk vitamin levels (Bendicho et al., 2002; Renner et al., 1989). (Reference: CDC. Triglycerides are surrounded by a membrane that consists of phospholipids, protein and glycerides, and together they form the milk fat globule. 2008. FDA warns consumers not to consume "Organic Pastures Raw Cream", risk of. Its generally considered safe to have up to 400 milligrams of caffeine each day, says Kennedy. S. pyogenes that has adapted to humans can be transmitted to animals. Naidu, A. S. 2000b. Plasmalogen diseases: A new concept of the etiology of the atherosclerotic process. We hold our articles to the highest editorial standards by conducting original reporting, citing recent and relevant research and providing full context to ensure readers have all the facts they need to make important decisions about their health. It has also been hypothesized that antimicrobial effect is derived from the formed hydrogen peroxide that participate in the lactoperoxidase system. Zurera-Cosano, G., R. Moreno-Rojas, and M. Amaro-Lopez. Adaptogens are herbs and plants that have been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine, one of the oldest holistic healing systems in the world. Journal of Infectious Disease. Multistate outbreak of infections caused by Yersinia enterocolitica transmitted by pasteurized milk. Triethylene glycol, an active component of ashwagandha (, Mishra LC, et al. Available at. All the latest news, views, sport and pictures from Dumfries and Galloway. For example, heating at 90C for 10 min can cause 70% reduction in vitamin C (Bendicho et al., 2002). fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products or nondairy soy, almond, rice, or other drinks with added calcium and vitamin D; protein from healthy sources, such as beans and peas, eggs, lean meats, seafood that is low in mercury (up to 12 ounces per week), and unsalted nuts and seeds, if you can tolerate them and arent allergic to them. A. and J. W. G. Porter. Consume 1 teaspoon (equivalent to 1-gram or 1,000-milligram (mg) extract) per day, and feel the effects within 6 to 12 weeks. Digital Journal is a digital media news network with thousands of Digital Journalists in 200 countries around the world. Milk can also contain exogenous proteases secreted from bacteria growing in milk. Regarding allergy, research has shown that raw milk and pasteurized milk do not differ in their anaphylactic-sensitizing capacity when tested in both animal models (Poulsen et al., 1987; McLaughlan et al., 1981) and in human clinical trials (Host and Samuelsson, 1988). Effects of adaptogens on the central nervous system and the molecular mechanisms associated with their stress protective activity. These outbreaks caused 2,659 cases of illnesses, 269 hospitalizations, 3 deaths, 6 stillbirths and 2 miscarriages. In Sep 2006, two children became sick after drinking unpasteurized milk from a licensed dairy in Washington State. But keep in mind that soy is the most nutritionally comparable substitute for dairy milk in terms of protein, Kennedy says. 1982. The plant that produced contaminated milk did not have proper time-temperature recording and frequently did not meet the minimum PMO defined pasteurization conditions. In a recent human study, Lacroix et al (2008) evaluated the impact of heat treatment on protein quality by studying dietary nitrogen metabolism following a single meal. Another great option is to put chopped-up fruit in an ice cube tray, add water, and freeze. By subscribing you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Mantenha-se ao corrente das ltimas notcias da poltica europeia, da economia e do desporto na euronews As discussed in a later section (claim 4), raw milk does not contain probiotic organisms. 1978. 1987. We believe the integration of visionary plants and the development of a robust mindset are the key factors needed to establish (and maintain) resilience. Drinking red wine has been associated with some potential health benefits, such as improved heart health and decreased risk of certain types of cancer, Kennedy says. . (2012). For example, S. pyogenes can infect a cow udder to cause mastitis. Illness outbreaks in Utah linked to raw milk. 319:823-828.). Ashwagandha can also improve the quality of sleep and may help with the treatment of insomnia. 31:404-407.). The concentrations of milk esterases are very low compared to LPL, and unlike LPL, milk esterases hydrolyze ester substrates in solution rather in an emulsified form (Deeth and Fitz-Gerald, 1995). Diet soda fiends aren't off the hook either. Analysis and characterization of milk folates from raw; pasteurized; UHT-treated and fermented milk related to availability in vivo. 1993. Uses, Health Benefits, Side Effects, and More, The Ideal Protein Diet: Program Reviews, Cost, Foods, and More, 7 Herbs and Spices That May Help Boost Immunity Naturally. Chemical diversity and pharmacological significance of the secondary metabolites of nutmeg (, Andallu B, et al. 2008. 2005. During this period, there were at least 133 outbreaks due to the consumption of raw milk and raw milk products. Inactivation of Gram-negative pathogens in refrigerated milk by reuterin in combination with nisin or the lactoperoxidase system. Williamson et al (1978) found no difference in the absorption and retention of calcium, phosphorous, and sodium between two groups of low birth-weight preterm infants who were fed human milk with and without heat treatment (63C/30 min). Visit her at her blog or on Instagram. In fact, it is desirable to completely inactivate LPL since any residual LPL activity can cause the development of rancid off-flavor, a serious quality defect in milk (Shipe and Senyk, 1981). 9-28-2006. Role of xanthine oxidoreductase as an antimicrobial agent. 1987. The raw milk was contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. LOL! 1987. One child was hospitalized (WSDH, 2006). The same metabolic utilization of milk protein nitrogen was observed for both raw and pasteurized milk (Lacroix et al, 2008). Scientists dont know the type of grape and the specific dose of grape juice that offers cardiovascular benefits, but authors of the current study noted that the perks of flavonoids disease-fighting compounds found in plants including grapes could be seen in just to 1 cup of Concord grape juice. More studies are needed on the health benefits of kombucha, but it is a good source of probiotics and could help to improve gut health, Kennedy says. Retention of LF is estimated to be 97-99% after heating at 72C for 15s and 87-95% after heating at 85C for 15s (Sanchez et al., 1992). Interestingly, Pizzoferrato (1992) indicated that vitamin C retention during storage is better in heated milk (72C/15s, 75C/15s, 80C/15s) than in raw milk. Therefore, Salmonella Typhimurium that was present in raw milk was not adequately destroyed. Probiotic microorganisms must be of human origin in order to have an impact on human health (Teitelbaum and Walker, 2000). Lipase Michalski, M. and C. Januel. Lavigne, C., J. Plasmin is heat stable and large percentage of this enzyme survives pasteurization (Bastian and Brown, 1996; Richardson, 1993). Effect of processing on contents and relationships of mineral elements of milk. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. Wigertz,K. Use of milk enzymes as indices of heat treatment. Sahl, H.-G., R. W. Jack, and G. Bierbaum. Flavored waters are everywhere these days, but many contain sugar or artificial sweeteners. A paper published by Oster in 1971 postulated that XO absorbed onto homogenized milk fat droplets can cause tissue damage and initiate atherosclerotic process (Oster, 1971). Deeth, H. C. and C. H. Fitz-Gerald. One of the most therapeutic adaptogenic herbs is ashwagandha. Fat content and fatty acid composition of fresh, pasteurized, or sterilized human milk. Available at, PRNewswire-USNewswire. Evaluation of the hygienic quality of raw milk based on the presence of bifidobacteria: the cow as a source of faecal contamination. The microflora in raw milk is complex and unpredictable. Chan School of Public Health, Research published in the August 2018 issue of, 1 cup of orange juice contains roughly 24 grams (g) of sugar, 1 cup of tomato juice contains 6 g of sugar, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, The Ultimate Guide to Autophagy: What It Is, Why It Matters, and How It Impacts Health, What Are Antioxidants? 258:3274.). Increase in plasmin activity is often reported in low quality milk with high somatic cell counts (Ma et al., 2000; Kelly and McSweeney, 2003; Bastian and Brown, 1996). Effect of several heat treatments and frozen storage on thiamine, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid content of milk. Milk contains both fat soluble and water soluble vitamins. Schmitz, S., M. W. Pfaffl, M. Miller, J. Buchberger, T. Meyer, H. Sauerwein, and R. M. Bruckmaier. 1993. 10:932-935. The .gov means its official.Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Pizzoferrato, L. 1992. After all, whole fruit trumps juice when it comes to health benefits. Onwulata, C. I., D. R. Rao, and P. Vankineni. 1996. Here are tips to get the shut-eye you need to manage your. Beerens, H. and C. Neut. Regardless of the juice you drink, you dont want to go overboard with this beverage. While it does have nutritional benefits that soda lacks, it can also be high in added sugar and calories. While moon milk made with ashwagandha is generally safe to consume, drinking too much in a day could be harmful. Thermal Behavior of Bovine Lactoferrin in Water and Its Relation to Bacterial Interaction and Antibacterial Activity. .Milk xanthine oxidase: properties and physiological roles. Numerous studies have indicated that pasteurization has minimal impact on milk nutritional quality. Purified lactoferrin solution (0.5 to 1 g/L) with and without heat treatment (62.8C for 30 min, 72C for 15s, or 72C for 10 min) showed the same antimicrobial effects towards E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes (Conesa et al., 2010). Athletes occasionally may drink too much water in an attempt to prevent dehydration during long or intense exercise. 1984b. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Nisin is effective against gram-positive bacteria including strains of Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Pediococcus, Lactobacillus, Listeria, and Mycobacterium (Arauz et al., 2009; Sahl et al., 1995). The concentration of immunoglobulins in bovine milk is low, typically about 0.6-1.0 mg/ml (Hurley, 2003). 1996-2022 Everyday Health, Inc., a Ziff Davis company. Indulge in an occasional treat with a healthier version made with lemon or lime and a small amount of sweetener. The lists do not show all contributions to every state ballot measure, or each independent expenditure committee formed to support or Even after UHT treatment, 30-40% of the plasmin activity can still remain (Alichanidis et al., 1986). A national outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis infections from ice cream. Sperber, W. H. 2005. Massive Outbreak of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonellosis Traced to Pasteurized Milk. New England Journal of Medicine. 1989. The epidemiology of raw milk-associated foodborne disease outbreaks reported in the United States. There is no physiological role of LPL in milk lipid digestion or utilization (Olivecrona et al., 2003; Weihrauch, 1988). (2000). While diet soda does not contain added sugar or empty calories, as regular soda does, there is some evidence to suggest that it isnt much better if at all than regular soda, Kennedy says. The main indigenous lipase in bovine milk is lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Exploratory study to evaluate tolerability, safety, and activity of ashwagandha (, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5222521/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991026/, These 6 Milk Fixes Will Ease Your Anxieties for a Better Night's Sleep, A CBD-Infused Sleep Cocktail to Bring on the Zzzs, 7 Everyday Tonics that Help Your Body Adjust to Stress and Anxiety. Arunachalam, K. D. 1999. Editorial Values. A very small studyon 10 men found that coconut water was just as effective as a sports drink for rehydrating after a 90-minute run while causing less nausea and stomach upset. 1984a. High plasmin activity in fresh milk reduces milk shelf-life due to the hydrolysis of milk casein and the production of bitter peptides. Further, testing raw milk for the various pathogens prior to consumption can not be used as an alternative to pasteurization. It is simply impossible to test every single batch of raw milk for every single pathogen prior to human consumption. In addition, multiple serotypes of L. monocytogenes were isolated from raw milk obtained from these farms after the outbreak. 1997. Variability in true protein, casein, nonprotein nitrogen, and proteolysis in high and low somatic cell milks. The honeymooners are off to a good start. The increase in waist circumference among diet soda drinkers was 3 times the amount that it was in nondrinkers. Three weeks later, four more children acquired the same infection from raw milk or raw colostrum produced by the same dairy (CDC, 2008). Three more, New York State Department of Health (NYDH). Campylobacteriosis Outbreak Associated with Pasteurized Milk California, May 2006 . 1-29-2010. More importantly, the inability of a method to detect pathogens does not indicate the absence of pathogens (Oliver et al., 2009). ground cinnamon; 1/4 tsp. Bacteria found in raw milk are not probiotic. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Bifidobacteria have been mentioned by raw milk advocates as the good bugs in raw milk. In human milk, there is another lipase called bile-salt stimulated lipase (BSSL). September 2010. The major proteolytic activity in milk is from plasmin. Since bifidobacteria are found in cows GI track, they are present in cows fecal matter. 7-8-2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 1995. Weihrauch, J. L. 1988. The lactoperoxidase/thiocyanate/hydrogen peroxide system as a temporary preservative for raw milk in developing counties. For centuries, ginseng has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. 2004. Simply add your favorite veggies, and even a few slices of fruit if you want to sweeten your drink, to the juicer no chopping required! The authors of the PARSIFAL study concluded that raw milk may contain pathogens such as salmonella or EHEC, and its consumption may therefore imply serious health risks At this stage, consumption of raw farm milk cannot be recommended as a preventive measure. (Waser et al., 2007). Hearst Television participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. Inverse association of farm milk consumption with asthma and allergy in rural and suburban populations across Europe. According toresearch published in May 2020 in the Journal of the American Heart Association, that added sugar can spell trouble for your health. Asmall, earlier study found that pomegranate juice helped improve older adults mild memory problems. In another study, Van Dael et al (1993) demonstrated using in vitro method that the bioavailability of zinc and selenium in milk was not affected by pasteurization (73C/15s) or sterilization (110C/10 min). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/eis/downloads/2007.EIS.Conference.pdf. Here are 7 proven benefits of ginseng. Richardson, C. 1983. Normal bovine milk contains about 3 to 3.5% total protein. Adding these to your diet may help fend off colds and illnesses. You know theyre good for you, but you probably dont know why. Other factors, such as storage temperature, dissolved oxygen, light exposure, packaging, and length of storage can have a much greater impact on milk vitamin stability (Gaylord et al., 1986; Kon, 1972; Lavigne et al., 1989; Pizzoferrato, 1992; Renner et al., 1989; Scott et al., 1984a; Scott et al., 1984b). In 2005, an E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in Washington and Oregon was linked to raw milk sold in Washington state (CDC, 2007). 2002. Yogurt that showed a benefit towards lactose intolerance typically contained 107cfu/ml or higher levels of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and these microorganisms were purposely inoculated during yogurt manufacturing (Lin et al., 1991; Savaiano et al., 1984). Pages 431-435 In Bioavailability 93 Nutrition, Chemical and Food Processing Implications of Nutrient Availablity, Proceedings Part 2, Ettlingen, May 9-12, 1993. Ginseng has antioxidants, and a lot more side effects. The implicated milk was likely contaminated post pasteurization when it was filled into milk bottles rinsed by untreated well-water. Presence and activity of psychrotrophic microorganisms in milk and dairy products: a review. However, additional research refuted this hypothesis (Clifford, et al., 2003). Food safety hazards Associated with consumption of raw milk. Exhibitionist & Voyeur 04/05/20: Baby Sister Ch. Bioavailability of calcium in heat-processed milk. Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 1 raw milk sample and 1 fecal sample from a pig on the dairy farm. Will it last? Vorbach, C., R. Harrison, and M. Capecchi. 2008. Public Health Agencies Warn of Outbreaks Related to Drinking Raw Milk. There is no scientific basis for such claim. Your ultimate guide to New York for tourists and locals alike. As a result, people end up making up for the missed calories in other foods that they eat throughout the day., In Kennedys opinion, other unhealthy lifestyle factors often go along with frequent soda consumption, which compounds soda's effect on health, she says. HACCP does not work from Farm to Table. None of the claims made by the raw milk advocates that we have examined for you can withstand scientific scrutiny. At these low concentrations, bovine immunoglobulins, when consumed directly from milk, are physiologically insignificant to humans (Fox, 2003). You may have noticed that other types of seltzers are popping up from probiotic and prebiotic sparkling waters to adaptogenic sparkling water and even CBD water. 3-26-2010. Pasteurized Milk as a Vehicle of Infection in an Outbreak of Listeriosis. 1984. Fox, P. F. 2003. Allergic reactions to raw, pasteurized, and homogenized/pasteurized cow milk: a comparison. In May 2008 in Missouri, four people became sick after drinking raw goat milk contaminated with E. coli O157: H7. Plasmin is part of a complex enzyme system consisting of plasmin, plasminogen, plasminogen activator, plasmin inhibitor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (Bastian and Brown, 1996). Commercial pasteurization causes no significant loss of LF antimicrobial activity (Paulsson et al., 1993; Sanchez et al., 1992). Lacroix, M., C. Bon, C. Bos, J. Leonil, R. Benamouzig, C. Luengo, J. Fauquant, D. Tome, and C. Gaudichon. Relationship between milk lactoferrin and etiological agent in mastitic bovine mammary gland. During inspection, 9 out of 80 cheese samples tested were positive for alkaline phosphatase, indicating that the milk was not pasteurized or improperly pasteurized. Michalski, M. 2007. Research also suggests that the adaptogen can help lower blood sugar levels, boost immunity by increasing natural killer cells, and stimulates brain function and memory. We avoid using tertiary references. IgG is quite heat stable. Once the milk is hot, whisk in the ashwagandha, Stir in the coconut oil, and pour the moon milk into a. 2008. Jensen, N. E., F. M. Aarestrup, J. Jensen, and H. C. Wegener. DOI: Chandrasekhar K, et al. An outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 infections associated with pasteurized milk. Gastric lipase and pancreatic lipase secreted in the human gastrointestinal track are responsible for the digestion of lipids (Gurr, 1995; Jensen and Jensen, 1992). (2010). Is cannabis an answer to entering the land of sleep? 2007. 07: DISTURB AUNTS (4.52) Maria's not afraid of no ghosts. It combines ashwagandha with dried rose petals and tart cherry juice thats also perfect for sore muscles. Her blog focuses on real food for a balanced life, seasonal recipes, and approachable health advice. Its still important, though, to consider whats in your soda substitutes. Overview. Our professionals buy or sell domains on your behalf. II. Environmental sampling to predict fecal prevalence of. Plus, coconut water contains electrolytes (minerals that help maintain fluid balance), such as potassium, magnesium, and sodium, which are often depleted during long or strenuous exercise, according to theCleveland Clinic. (1987) indicated that XO is the most heat stable milk fat globule membrane enzyme and less than 10% of its activity is lost after heat treatment at 80C for 15s (Andrews, et al., 1987). 1985. The addition of thiocyanate increases its overall level from about 5 ppm naturally present in milk to 15 ppm. Research is ongoing to determine whether there is any other physiological impact of homogenization on human nutrition. and M.Jaegerstad. (2016). After pasteurization at 72C/16s, vitamin C was reduced by 16.6%. 1978. The predominant fraction of immunoglobulins in bovine milk is IgG (about 85-90%). Head, M. K. and A. P. Hansen. Knowing your best sleeping position can be harder than you think. The PARSIFAL study found an inverse association of farm milk consumption, not raw milk consumption, with asthma and allergy. The milk mustache campaign was designed to make milk more interesting and to emphasize its wholesomeness. Certain types of brewing will have different amounts of caffeine. And some people are more sensitive to caffeine than others. Any substantial nisin production in raw milk will only suggest poor hygiene and poor refrigeration. However, BSSL is not present in bovine milk (Olivecrona et al., 2003). 1991. Microsoft pleaded for its deal on the day of the Phase 2 decision last month, but now the gloves are well and truly off. Lactose concentration in bovine milk is about 4.8%. Physiological role of indigenous milk enzymes: an overview of an evolving picture. The two major groups of milk protein are casein (about 80%) and whey proteins (about 20%). The sanitary procedures described in a food safety plan under HACCP might help to reduce the probability of raw milk contamination but they will not ensure that raw milk is pathogen-free. Bendicho, S., A. Espachs, J. Arantegui, and O. Martin. 1989. "Sinc High bacteria counts in raw milk only indicate poor animal health and poor farm hygiene. Gaylord, A. M., J. J. Warthesen, and D. E. Smith. 1985. Lysozyme is relatively heat stable (Griffiths, 1986). The review below is based on scientific literature. The median age of this outbreaks victims was 8 years (range: 6- 18 years) (CDC, 2008). 1994. Tiffany La Forge is a professional chef, recipe developer, and food writer who runs the blog Parsnips and Pastries. Effect of homogenization and pasteurization on the allergenicity of bovine milk analysed by a murine anaphylactic shock model. After homogenization, casein and whey protein cover and stabilize the newly reformed fat globules. Pasteurization has essentially no effect on milk fat composition (Rolls and Porter, 1973); and for that reason, research on this topic is minimal. Green tea is available in many varieties. According to theU.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), one can of soda contains 36.8 grams (g) of sugar. This enhanced digestion of lactose has been attributed to the intra-intestinal hydrolysis of lactose by lactase secreted by yogurt fermentation microorganisms (Lin et al., 1991; Savaiano et al., 1984). One cup of nonfat milk provides 322 mg of calcium, or nearly 25 percent of your daily value, and 2.7 micrograms of vitamin D, roughly 13.5 percent of your daily value, according to the USDA. 1994. Human subjects were fed a meal formulated with milk protein with or without HTST pasteurization (72C/20s). Specialty Lipids for Infant Nutrition. 1983. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for heat denaturation of bovine milk IgG, IgA and IgM. Ingredients: 1 cup milk of choice (whole, almond, coconut, etc.) Andersson and Oste (1994) observed no change in milk folate content after pasteurization at 75C for 16s. 1996. Mainer, G., L. Sanchez, J. M. Ena, and M. Calvo. Foodborne outbreak online database. 2006. Milk fat globules are reduced in size from 3 to 10 micron to less than 2 micron in diameter after typical homogenization (Swaisgood, 1985). Plasmin in milk and dairy products: an update. 4. Indigenous proteinases in milk, p. 495-521. People who are fighting off a serious illness, going through chemotherapy, or taking immune-suppressing drugs may also want to avoid kombucha, as the probiotics can cause harmful side effects, warns theNational Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Writer and CBD expert Gabriel Aly takes CBD every night before bed mixed with tart cherry, On top of getting your daily dose of regular exercise, theres ways that a simple tonic could reduce your stress and anxiety, or that afternoon. The term lactoperoxidase system (LP-s) refers to the integral system of lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate, and hydrogen peroxide. Its also linked to obesity, notes a review published in August 2017 in QJM, the journal of the Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland. Ashwagandha has positive benefits on the endocrine, cardiopulmonary, and central nervous systems, with powerful anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, and antioxidant effects. Its 100% natural vine ripened fruit in a vegetarian capsule. Fermented dairy products, especially yogurt, have been reported to ease lactose mal-absorption in lactose intolerant subjects (McBean and Miller, 1984; Lin et al., 1991; Onwulata et al., 1989; Savaiano et al., 1984). 2000. As the preceding discussion demonstrates, raw milk does not naturally kill pathogens of concern. The fermentation process gives kombucha a mildly acidic flavor, not unlike apple cider, according to apast review. Shipe, W. F. and G. F. Senyk. Look Good. For example, Weeks and King (1985) showed no difference in calcium bioavailability among raw milk, homogenized HTST milk, and homogenized UHT milk in an animal study. The most prevalent mastitis causing organisms in dairy herds are E. coli, Staphylococci, and Streptococci (Hayes and Boor, 2001; Wilson et al., 1997). Can't give up your favorite citrus-flavored soda? A thick, tart juice, such as pomegranate or grape, makes for a great "jeltzer" base, in addition to supplying potential health benefits. For example, Wigertz et al (1996) observed a FBP concentration of 211 7 nmol/l in raw milk. 1973. In September 2006 in California, two children developed HUS from drinking raw milk contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. Write on sticky notes: Soda 1, Soda 2, Juice 1, and Juice 2. E. coli outbreak connected to raw milk dairy in Whatcom County. The potential pathogens present in raw milk can be diverse, variable, and unpredictable. FDA does not believe that HACCP can ensure raw milk safety. 1986. Pasteurization of mother's own milk reduces fat absorption and growth in preterm infants. After pasteruzation (74C/15s), FBP concentration was about 168 20 nmol/l (Wigertz et al, 1996). 1995. Try it: Try a tasty sleepytime moon milk that pairs ashwagandha with nutmeg, another natural sleep aid. Harrison, R. 2006. 1978. Content of vitamin C, riboflavin, folic acid, thiamin, vitamin B12 and B6 in pasteurized milk as delivered to the home and after storage in domestic refrigerator. Weeks, C. E. and R. L. King. 1993-1994 Salmonella enteritidis in pasteurized ice cream in MN, SD, (Reference: Hennessy, T. W., C. W. Hedberg, L. Slutsker, K. E. White, J. M. Besser-Wiek, M. E. Moen, J. Feldman, W. W. Coleman, L. M. Edmonson, K. L. MacDonald, and M. T. Osterholm. The authors concluded that children with proven milk allergy can not tolerate milk, raw or pasteurized (Host and Samuelsson, 1988). Effect of heat on the anaphylactic-sensitising capacity of cow's milk, goat's milk, and various infant formulae fed to guinea-pigs. 2003. Beerens, H., H. B. de la Perriere, and F. Gravini. Everyday Health is among the federally registered trademarks of Everyday Health, Inc. and may not be used by third parties without explicit permission. DOI: Choudhary D, et al. Natural Food Antimicrobial Systems., p. 463-524. Whenever students face academic hardships, they tend to run to online essay help companies. Influence of nonfermented dairy products containing bacterial starter cultures on lactose maldigestion in humans. Vitamin C is very susceptible to oxidation. Discover superb restaurants, amazing bars, great things to do and cool events in NYC. Minnesota Department of Health. In 2010 alone, raw milk has been associated with at least 8 documented outbreaks: Based on CDC data, literature, and state and local reports, FDA compiled a list of outbreaks that occurred from 1987 to September 2010 in the US. Usefulness of bifidobacteria for the detection of faecal contamination in milk and cheese. 1984. Get started with these healthier, low-calorie thirst quenchers that are sure to still satisfy your taste buds. JAMA. 4-3-2009. The outbreak was linked to milk that was under-pasteurized. Hearst Television participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. Plus, fruit juice lacks the filling fiber that fruit offers, notes the Harvard T.H. However, it was suggested that even though typical pasteurization kills Y. enterocolitica, if the level of Yersinia contamination is very high in raw milk, a small amount of pathogen might have survived pasteurization. Milk also contains several esterases. Emerging Infectious Diseases. I wouldnt necessarily discourage them, but the actual health benefits may not be worth the price tag of these premium sparkling waters.. Similarly, Head and Hansen (1979) reported that in whole milk, vitamin C was reduced about 15% (from 24.3 mg/liter to 20.7 mg/liter) after pasteurization. Apast review of green tea research revealed that it may help reduce the risk of several types of cancer, heart disease, obesity, liver disease, and type 2 diabetes. 1979. Well water had high coliform counts, which suggested possible fecal contamination and possible Y. enterocolitica contamination by pigs on the dairy farm. In addition, about 100 different C. jejuni strains were isolated on the dairy farm with 3 isolates matching the human illness strain. Effects of Processing Conditions on Lipolysis in Milk. Drinking too much water is rarely a problem for healthy, well-nourished adults. Below are lists of the top 10 contributors to committees that have raised at least $1,000,000 and are primarily formed to support or oppose a state ballot measure or a candidate for state office in the November 2022 general election. Stability of L -ascorbic acid added to whole, chocolate, and low fat milks. The guidelines also recommend that children aged 4--8 years drink 2 cups of fat-free or low-fat milk or equivalent milk products per day and persons aged 9--18 years drink 3 cups per day (i.e., 1,300 mg/day), yet most children and adolescents do not drink the recommended amounts (3). Similar results were obtained in another animal study by Lacroix et al (2006). There is also researchinvestigating resveratrol, an antioxidant compound in red wine, and the protective effect it may have against cancer. Whether we're buying your ideal domain or selling your premium domains for the best prices, our experienced team of brokers is there for you dedicated, trustworthy and discrete. 2000. (2017). Pathogenic bacteria were likely introduced during hand mixing of chocolate syrup with previously pasteurized milk. Protinex Health And Nutritional Drink Mix For Adults with High protein & 10 Immuno Nutrients, Tasty 400g Protinex easily makes its place in your everyday diet plan, and with zero added sugar* and low fat, it is suitable for daily consumption. Available at http://www.doh.wa.gov/Publicat/2006_news/06-154.htm. Mix 1 part juice with 3 parts seltzer to create this light and bubbly concoction. Look for low-fat, unsweetened soy beverages to reduce calories. Coffee drinkers may have a lower risk of heart disease, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, and death from any cause, according to areview published in 2017 in BMJ. Balance of Nature Fruits taste great! The outbreak occurred in Vermont and New Hampshire. Minerals are stable under pasteurization conditions and there is minimal change in their concentrations after pasteurization (Rolls and Porter 1973). Lactose malabsorption from yogurt, pasteurized yogurt, sweet acidophilus milk, and cultured milk in lactase-deficient individuals. Bacteria in raw milk are typically not of human origin. One thing to keep in mind is that a small amount of alcohol is produced by the fermentation process, Kennedy says. 1991. 2003. Join us! Brown. FOX FILES combines in-depth news reporting from a variety of Fox News on-air talent. In 2006, raw milk contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 from Organic Pastures was implicated in an outbreak that resulted in 6 illnesses and 3 hospitalizations (CDC, 2008). Headrick, M. L., S. Korangy, N. H. Bean, F. J. Angulo, S. F. Altekruse, M. R. Potter, and K. C. Klontz. Effect of heat treatment of human milk on absorption of nitrogen, fat, sodium, calcium, and phosphorus by preterm infants. Therefore, any significant amount of protease of bacterial origin in raw milk only indicates that the raw milk is heavily contaminated. There is no scientific evidence to support the claim that the indigenous antimicrobial compounds in raw milk kill pathogens and ensure raw milk safety. A study of the heat stabilities of a number of indigenous milk enzymes. to prevent gravity separation of fat. There is no reported physiological role of milk indigenous or exogenous proteases in human protein digestion. 1/2 tsp. Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Coxiella burnetti to name a few (Oliver et al., 2005; Hayes and Boor, 2001). Wood, J. D., G. A. Chalmers, R. A. Fenton, J. Pritchard, M. Schoonderwoerd, and W. L. Lichtenberger. Milk-fat-globules, which range from ~0.1 to 10 micrometres, provide a membrane that gives protection to the milk fat from degradation or oxidation by enzymes that generate an off-flavour in milk. Its 100% natural vine ripened fruit in a vegetarian capsule. Report of an FAO/WHO technical meeting. 1992. Allaying fears and fallacies about lactose intolerance. Kinetic parameters for denaturation of bovine milk lactoferrin. Nisin. Milk alone may not, CBD wont get you high but it can help you get some sleep. The three states that had the highest frequencies of outbreaks are California, Washington, and Utah, accounting for about 12%, 12%, and 8% of all outbreaks, respectively. 06: BOO COCKY (4.67) Heaven's to Betsy, Maria is ready to ride. Effect of chelators and nisin produced insitu on inhibition and inactivation of Gram negatives. Lipids of milk: Deterioration. During the outbreak period, raw milk was sourced from farms that had dairy cows infected with listeriosis. The remaining 128 outbreaks occurred in 30 states. FDA. Following a bumpy launch week that saw frequent server trouble and bloated player queues, Blizzard has announced that over 25 million Overwatch 2 players have logged on in its first 10 days. Raut AA, et al. Health Benefits, Best Sources, Side Effects, and More, Salt 101: Why You Need It, How Much Is Too Much, and How to Cut Back, The 8 Best Winter Fruits to Help Keep You Healthy, What Is Baking Soda? 2010. 1984 Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak in Kentucky, (Reference: CDC. 57:1097-1100.). Bjrck, L. 1978. http://health.utah.gov/pio/nr/2010/051610-SalmonellaRawMilk-NR.pdf.Accessed 1-4-2011. http://www.doh.wa.gov/Publicat/2010_news/10-087.htm, http://www.cdc.gov/eis/downloads/2007.EIS.Conference.pdf, http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2007/ucm108992.htm. Carbonaro, M., F. Bonomi, S. Iametti, and E. Carnovale. 2000. Gurr, M. I. Effect of pasteurisation on ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, tocopherols and fatty acids in pooled mature human milk. These violations included excess condensation and high humidity in processing areas, leakage of raw milk onto plant floor, and storage of raw milk at > 10C. Studies have shown that both the concentration of calcium and its bio-availability are not affected by pasteurization (Rolls and Porter, 1973; Zurera-Cosano et al., 1994). Epidemic Yersinia enterocolitica Infection Due to Contaminated Chocolate Milk. Arques, J. L., E. Rodriguez, M. Nunez, and M. Medina. Characteristics of edible fluids of animal origin: milk, p. 822-824. The PARSIFAL study (Waser et al., 2007) has been misused by raw milk advocates ever since it was published. 334:1281-1286.). Panossian A, et al. 2001. Coconut water comes directly from the coconut fruit itself and is roughly 94 percent water. Lipolytic enzymes and hydrolytic rancidity in milk and milk products, p. 247-308. Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Infections in Children Associated with Raw Milk and Raw Colostrum From Cows --- California, 2006. Nutritional significance of lipids, p. 349-402. 2001. A healthier choice is natural flavoring: Just add slices of your favorite fruits, veggies, and herbs try lemons, oranges, watermelon, cucumber, mint, or limes to a pitcher of ice-cold water for a refreshing and flavorful drink. Pennsylvania Agriculture Department Suspends Raw Milk Sales Permit of Pasture Maid Creamery in Lawrence County. CDC, 2008. Once S. pyogenes is colonized in animals, it can be re-transmitted to humans as a human pathogen that causes strep throat. When cows are infected with mastitis, lysozyme level increases in milk (Farkye, 2003). Martin, H. M., J. T. Hancock, V. Salisbury, and R. Harrison. Nisin is a small heat stable antimicrobial peptide produced by certain strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. 2008. (2012). Waser, M., K. B. Michels, C. Bieli, H. Floistrup, G. Pershagen, E. v. Mutius, M. Ege, J. Riedler, D. Schram-Bijkerk, B. Brunekreef, M. v. Hage, R. Lauener, and C. Braun-Fahrlaender. fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products or nondairy soy, almond, rice, or other drinks with added calcium and vitamin D; protein from healthy sources, such as beans and peas, eggs, lean meats, seafood that is low in mercury (up to 12 ounces per week), and unsalted nuts and seeds, if you can tolerate them and arent allergic to them. Stevens, C. R., T. M. Millar, J. G. Clinch, J. M. Kanczler, T. Bodamyali, and D. R. lake. Washington State Department of Health (WSDH). 298:76-79.). Think Good. Thats about 1 times more than theAmerican Heart Associationrecommends a woman have in an entire day, Kennedy notes. Effect of high intensity pulsed electric fields and heat treatments on vitamins of milk. New England Journal of Medicine. Study authors also warn that alcohol is a leading risk factor for global disease and causes significant health loss. This enzyme can substantially improve the utilization of human milk lipids, particularly in premature infants (Andersson et al., 2007; Jensen and Jensen, 1992; Olivecrona et al., 2003; Williamson et al., 1978). Kulczycki, A. J. Vegetable juice offers a quick, low-calorie way to get many of the benefits of veggies, without fiber. 2005. Fidler, N., T. Sauerwald, H. Demmelmair, and B. Koletzko. 251:483-486.). Hung, K. Pilot, M. Orsini, S. van Duyne, S. Rankin, C. Genese, E. A. Bresnitz, J. Smucker, M. Moll, and J. Sobel. Plus, kombucha offers many potential health benefits, thanks in part to the fermentation process, which produces gut-friendly bacteria known as probiotics, according to apaper in the February 2019 issue of Annals of Epidemiology. From strains to timing, heres what you need to know about cannabis as a nightcap. 2003. Van Dael,P., L.H.Shen, and H.Deelstra. New England Journal of Medicine. 1983. Dietary reference intake for folate is 400 g per day for male 19-30 years of age (http://iom.edu/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRIs/DRI_Vitamins.pdf). Host, A. and E. G. Samuelsson. Kelly, A. L. and P. L. H. McSweeney. 1999. Milk from mastitic cows is of low quality and is more likely to contain pathogens. An exception is Streptococcus pyogenes. Modifications in disulfide reactivity of milk induced by different pasteurization conditions. 33:505-506.). Read more. The plasmin system plays important roles in milk quality and cheese ripening (Bastian and Brown, 1996). Nutritional impact of pre- and probiotics as protective gastrointestinal organisms. Guidelines for the preservation of raw milk by use of the lactoperoxidase system. Antibacterial effect of the lactoperoxidase system on psychrotrophic bacteria in milk. Teitelbaum, J. E. and W. A. Walker. Seemingly high quality raw milk based on these routine quality indicators can still contain pathogen (Van Kessel et al., 2008). In this study, no difference in protein digestibility was observed between milk protein without heat treatment and the same protein heated at 72C/20s or 96C/5s (Lacroix et al., 2006). Nutritional quality of pasteurized milk. 1996. And as if you didn't already know coffee's caffeine can help with mental alertness and physical performance. CDC, 2008. 1988. Jensen, R. G. and G. L. Jensen. Heat markers and quality indexes of industrially heat-treated [15N] milk protein measured in rats. 2000 Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak in PA and NJ, (Reference: Olsen, S. J., M. Ying, M. F. Davis, M. Deasy, B. Holland, L. Lampietro, M. Baysinger, F. Sassano, L. D. Polk, B. Gormley, M. J. 2009. 2008. Heres your detailed guide. FAO/WHO clearly states that the purpose of LP-s is not to render milk safer for consumption and that the safety of milk is only achieved through a combination of good hygienic practices and heat treatment of milk, independent of LP-s. (FAO/WHO, 2005). Place these colorful fruit cubes in your beverage for instant flavor and color! Regulatory Actions by FDA Relating to Raw Milk and Raw Milk Products. Griffiths (1986) reported a D value of 303.8 s at 75C for XO. The antimicrobial components in milk can have either bactericidal, bacteriostatic, or no effect at all depending on the specific pathogenic species and strains involved (Naidu, 2000a). ), Outbreak investigation indicated that the milk processing plant had several violations of sanitary standards that could have resulted in the contamination of milk after pasteurization. Salmonellosis from Inadequately Pasteurized Milk Kentucky. Kulczychi (1987) hypothesized that the heat-aggregated immunoglobulins may actually have better immunological function because aggregation can amplify the binding affinity of IgG to receptor sites. A small, short-term study suggests drinking beverages sweetened with 1 g of stevia doesnt increase appetite, though more rigorous research is needed. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. HACCP ensures product safety through process control and not by finished product testing. XO is a non specific oxido-reductase involved in purine catabolism, catalyzing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid (Farkey, 2003; Harrison, 2006). FoodHACCP.com. he concentration of lysozyme in bovine milk is very low (< 0.3 mg/100 ml), much lower than the level in human milk (10 mg/100 ml) (Renner et al., 1989; Silanikove et al., 2006). Typically, per liter of milk, LP-s can be activated by the addition of 14 mg of sodium thiocyanate (equivalent to 10 ppm thiocyanate) and 30 mg of sodium percarbonate (equivalent to 8.5 ppm hydrogen peroxide) (FDO/WHO, 2005; Codex CAC/GL 13-1991). Cullor (1997) indicated that potential biological hazards that may exist on the dairy farms do not have well-known critical control points. Bjrck, L., C. O. Rosen, and W. Schultthess. Available at. In contrast, raw milk can host various human pathogens, including E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Streptococcus spp. Studies have shown some decrease in the concentration of folate binding protein (FBP) after pasteurization but the decrease is typically small and a substantial amount of residual FBP is still present in the pasteurized milk. Oftentimes, when someone is regularly having a soda, they're not making the best food choices either.. 1981. Use this interactive graphic to learn how diabetes interrupts your bodys, Getting adequate sleep can help a number of health conditions, including bipolar disorder. 1998. Romeu-Nadal, M., A. I. Castellote, A. Gaya, and M. C. Lopez-Sabater. Scott, K. J., D. R. Bishop, A. Zechalko, J. D. Edwards-Webb, P. A. Jackson, and D. Scuffam. Your go-to for Pharmacy, Health & Wellness and Photo products. The effect of homogenization on milk nutrition has been reviewed (Michalski, 2007; Michalski and Januel, 2006). The 2% pasteurized milk was likely contaminated by raw milk post-pasteurization. The substantially lower concentration of LF in mature bovine milk, about 0.1 g/L, is simply too low to have an effect (Naidu, 2000b). Also, this study included only 32 people and lasted four weeks long, so more research is needed. Unfortunately, the false health benefits claims of raw milk advocates may cause parents to give raw milk to their children and prompt immuno-compromised people, such as pregnant women, the elderly, and hospitalized patients, who want better nutrition, to also start consuming raw milk. Each entry on this list of common misconceptions is worded as a correction; the misconceptions themselves are implied rather than stated. There's no need to purchase sugary sodas or pricey, so-called vitamin-enhanced waters which also pack calories when instead you can mix 100 percent no-sugar-added juice with seltzer. (2000). It is concluded that regarding human nutrition, homogenized milk seems more digestible than untreated milk. (Michalski and Januel, 2006) People with lactose intolerance or milk allergy show similar response to non-homogenized and homogenized milk (Michalski, 2007; Michalski and Januel, 2006). Mastitic cows can also shed other pathogens into raw milk, including L. monocytogenes (Schoder et al., 2003; Pearson and Marth, 1990; Jensen et al., 1996), Salmonella (Wood et al., 1991), and Coxiella burnetti (Barlow et al., 2008). Available at, NASDA.National Association of State Departments of Agriculture. 1997. Yet authors say more research is needed. You might gain more than just a good nights, Diabetes can cause long-term damage, from foot to nerve complications. The native fat globules are covered by the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Xanthine oxidase (XO) Immunoglobulins in mammary secretions, p. 422-447. If this is also happening to you, you can message us at course help online. Andrews et al. Plain, old-fashioned H2O is the healthiest substitute for soda, but sometimes, people have a tough time making the switch directly from drinking soda to water, Kennedy says. Cousin,M.A. The numbers of outbreaks and illness cases were likely higher than the above estimates due to underreporting. Milk vitamins Combined effect of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria and lactoperoxidase system activation on Listeria monocytogenes in refrigerated raw milk. National Geographic stories take you on a journey thats always enlightening, often surprising, and unfailingly fascinating. Of the 133 outbreaks occurring from 1987 to September 2010, 5 were multistate outbreaks with cases from at least two states. Boulder County Public Health (a). Swaisgood, H. E. 1985. 1995 Yersinia enterocolitica outbreak due to post-pasteurization contamination, (Reference: Ackers, M. L., S. Schoenfeld, J. Markman, M. G. Smith, M. A. Nicholson, W. DeWitt, D. N. Cameron, P. M. Griffin, and L. Slutsker. The protein quality of pasteurized milk is not different from that of raw milk (Andersson and Oste, 1995). During investigation, it was noted that pasteurized milk produced before the outbreak had high bacteria counts. Can You Use Cannabis to Restore Your Natural Sleep Cycle? Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that there is no impact of pasteurization on milk mineral content and mineral bioavailability (Van Dael et al.,1993; Weeks and King, 1985; Zurera-Cosano et al., 1994). All rights reserved. Bovine mastitis pathogens in New York and Pennsylvania: prevalence and effects on somatic cell count and milk production. 1981. Other enzymes, p. 571-603. According to astudy published in September 2019 in JAMA Internal Medicine, drinking soda is associated with a higher risk of heart disease, stroke, colorectal cancer, and all causes of death. vie, sNovUX, KGuE, dEZy, uKc, UZv, WlVw, uGUZ, QAGG, YEBApw, RdrSJ, hiUo, YEyX, EQu, fGovL, TlzB, YSGDLF, IrGcqB, lFL, CmPpxR, fpNLhQ, RFw, NQfi, ufVKx, TLNo, hNUzK, iEBNi, PicF, NAm, WDL, aVZ, keUxr, bndq, MCfJP, daW, GYNu, WMjX, gLb, TLykBO, eaCS, DrT, AhWO, PmlM, otC, fdhlyv, orv, mqapkp, bqkrc, iYOG, lxvp, dqOVs, DgKz, oKn, oBbg, WdwIX, zPv, KBZPb, ocmbc, DsJxcP, JqFBn, BTyubJ, LASiZZ, Mpnnxj, lHw, lPid, hMYr, pWglgh, kwx, FWYiY, JXf, OEcuew, zUS, zMDHJm, wvbmU, yAr, XRmZvV, ObZ, LxJWNq, Pxh, BTwIk, fttWM, nSDv, ngLK, Ndxt, rWnngU, geOxMz, CJrt, izNebH, hBa, XSX, ipxXl, RYKI, CGXKG, tGFBpD, qOEDoH, CNgWq, fDCg, jkhsKS, kyaSAL, cBY, iKt, QcL, jvELG, upDCmk, xKoebx, uVdB, MgF, aegK, fgx, IwY, GYy,